Association of demographic and health characteristics with circulating oxysterol concentrations.

Backgound: Circulating oxysterols, cholesterol metabolites with important signaling functions, are increasingly being recognized as candidate biomarkers for several diseases, but associations with demographic and health characteristics remain poorly described.

Objective: This study aims to characterize associations of major circulating oxysterols with sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, and use of common medications.

Methods: We measured plasma concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-OHC), 7ɑ-hydroxycholesterol (7ɑ-OHC), and 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4β-OHC) from 1,440 participants of a completed clinical trial for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas.

Unexplained multi-sensory neuropathy syndrome in young Tanzanian adults.

Background: A unique syndrome affecting young adults of unexplained hearing loss often associated with uncorrectable poor visual acuity and lower extremity numbness is endemic in Dar es Salaam. This study characterized the hearing loss, associated it with other symptoms, and gathered information on potential causes.

Methods: Forty-seven patients (23 men, 24 women) <40 years old with a symptom consistent with the syndrome, negative syphilis test, and no head injury history were recruited from Muhimbili National Hospital.

Evaluating the mediating effects of perceived vulnerability to disease in the relation between disgust and contamination-based OCD.

Contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is thought to develop and be maintained by excessive propensity to experience disgust, particularly in response to perceived contaminants, and dysfunctional threat appraisals pertaining to illness. The present studies attempted to integrate these lines of research by testing the degree to which contamination-based OCD is associated with individual differences in disgust propensity and sensitivity, affective distress in response to perceived contaminants, and perceived threat of illness. In Study 1, a convenience sample of 185 adults completed self-report scales assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms, disgust propensity and sensitivity, germ aversion, and perceived infectability.