Identification of novel hepaciviruses and -associated viruses metatranscriptomics in North American lagomorphs.

Cottontails ( spp.) and jackrabbits ( spp.) within the Leporidae family are native to North America and are found in a wide range of habitats, including deserts, forests, and grasslands.

Differentiated thyroid cancer in adolescents - does extent of disease at presentation differ with age?

Objectives: The authors sought to assess whether the age of 18 reflects a true pathological inflection point that justifies transitioning between pediatric and adult paradigms of care with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients aged 12-24 undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy for papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma from 2010 to 2020.

Results: A total of 153 patients receiving surgery for DTC were assessed for pathological stage, nodal metastasis, and thyroid neoplasm characteristics.

A Mobile Application for Child-Focused Tonsillectomy Education: Development and User-Testing.

Objective: Patient education is central to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, but child-focused materials are lacking. We developed and piloted a mobile application to support accessible, interactive patient and caregiver education about pediatric tonsillectomy.

Methods: Thirty children ages 5-12 who were preparing for tonsillectomy, their caregivers, and six attending otolaryngologists participated in a user-testing trial of a web-based prototype.

Micro‒Global Positioning Systems for Identifying Nightly Opportunities for Marburg Virus Spillover to Humans by Egyptian Rousette Bats.

Marburg virus disease, caused by Marburg and Ravn orthomarburgviruses, emerges sporadically in sub-Saharan Africa and is often fatal in humans. The natural reservoir is the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB), which sheds virus in saliva, urine, and feces. Frugivorous ERBs discard test-bitten and partially eaten fruit, potentially leaving infectious virus behind that could be consumed by other susceptible animals or humans.

Cellular mechanisms of heterogeneity in NF2-mutant schwannoma.

Schwannomas are common sporadic tumors and hallmarks of familial neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) that develop predominantly on cranial and spinal nerves. Virtually all schwannomas result from inactivation of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene with few, if any, cooperating mutations. Despite their genetic uniformity schwannomas exhibit remarkable clinical and therapeutic heterogeneity, which has impeded successful treatment.

Evaluating obesity as a risk factor for complications after pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between childhood obesity and post-adenotonsillectomy complications, informing guidelines for postoperative management.

Methods: The retrospective review assessed outpatient pediatric tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy cases performed at 2 ambulatory surgery centers in 2020. Complications in the recovery unit and within 2 weeks of surgical discharge were reviewed along with clinical and demographic variables.

Rapid divergence of a gamete recognition gene promoted macroevolution of Eutheria.

Background: Speciation genes contribute disproportionately to species divergence, but few examples exist, especially in vertebrates. Here we test whether Zan, which encodes the sperm acrosomal protein zonadhesin that mediates species-specific adhesion to the egg's zona pellucida, is a speciation gene in placental mammals.

Results: Genomic ontogeny reveals that Zan arose by repurposing of a stem vertebrate gene that was lost in multiple lineages but retained in Eutheria on acquiring a function in egg recognition.

Distinct mtDNA lineages in free-ranging (aoudad) from the United States indicate multiple introductions from northern Africa.

Translocation records indicate aoudad () populations in the United States are a product of multiple human-mediated introductions. Two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome , cytb; displacement loop, D loop) and one nuclear gene (prion protein gene exon 3, ) were used to determine: (1) genetic variation, (2) if genetic units correspond to taxonomic designations, (3) the number and geographic origin of translocations, and (4) divergence times. Three phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and parsimony) produced similar topologies with two clades (I and II).

Two new species of (Cricetidae: Neotominae) from the Transverse Volcanic Belt of Mexico.

Specimens of the species group distributed in the western and northeastern montane regions of Michoacán, México, historically have been assigned to . Previous studies indicated that these specimens possessed mitochondrial DNA haplotypes that were distinct from both and , a recently named species in the species group from northeastern Michoacán and western Morelos. Herein karyotypic, DNA sequence, and morphological data were analyzed from those populations to evaluate their taxonomic affinity.

Characterization of the prion protein gene in axis deer () and implications for susceptibility to chronic wasting disease.

Axis deer () occur both in captivity and free-ranging populations in portions of North America, but to-date, no data exist pertaining to the species' susceptibility to CWD. We sequenced the prion protein gene () from axis deer. We then compared axis deer PrP sequences and amino acid polymorphisms to those of CWD susceptible species.