Antihypertensive treatment adherence during pregnancy by race and ethnicity.

Background: Recent evidence from the Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy trial demonstrates that treatment of even mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy reduces the risk of severe adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Black patients are disproportionately affected by hypertension-related morbidity during pregnancy. Outside of pregnancy, substantial racial and ethnic differences in antihypertensive medication adherence have been reported.

Health Outcomes of Discontinuing Antipsychotics After Hospitalization in Older Adults.

Importance: Among hospitalized older adults, prolonged use of antipsychotic medications (APMs) following hospital discharge may increase the risk of APM-associated adverse events. There are limited data on whether early discontinuation of APMs is associated with reduced adverse clinical outcomes compared with APM continuation after discharge.

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes between discontinuation vs continuation of APMs initiated to manage hospitalization-related delirium.

Trends in Utilization of Glucose- and Weight-Lowering Medications After Tirzepatide Approval in the United States : A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Recent trends in use of tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist (RA), versus other glucose-lowering medications (GLMs) and weight-lowering medications (WLMs) remain unexplored.

Objective: To describe trends in insurance claims for GLMs and WLMs after tirzepatide approval.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.

Importance: Evidence on cardiovascular benefits and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is mainly from placebo-controlled trials. Therefore, the comparative effectiveness and safety of individual SGLT-2 inhibitors remain unknown.

Objective: To compare the use of canagliflozin or dapagliflozin with empagliflozin for a composite outcome (myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke), heart failure hospitalization, MI, stroke, all-cause death, and safety outcomes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lower-limb amputation, bone fracture, severe urinary tract infection (UTI), and genital infection and whether effects differed by dosage or cardiovascular disease (CVD) history.

Assessing methods to ascertain persistence and adherence of oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Persistence and adherence to oral anticoagulants (OACs) is crucial for its effectiveness in stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to assess the impact of different ascertainment methods on estimated persistence rates.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the Medicare claims data (01/01/2013-12/31/2019).

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, and Warfarin in Patients With Cirrhosis and Atrial Fibrillation : A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Apixaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin have shown benefit for preventing major ischemic events, albeit with increased bleeding risk, among patients in the general population with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data are scarce in patients with cirrhosis and AF.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of apixaban versus rivaroxaban and versus warfarin in patients with cirrhosis and AF.

Risk of Autism after Prenatal Topiramate, Valproate, or Lamotrigine Exposure.

Background: Maternal use of valproate during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Although most studies of other antiseizure medications have not shown increased risks of these disorders, there are limited and conflicting data regarding the risk of autism spectrum disorder associated with maternal topiramate use.

Methods: We identified a population-based cohort of pregnant women and their children within two health care utilization databases in the United States, with data from 2000 through 2020.

Frailty, Home Time, and Health Care Costs in Older Adults With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Oral Anticoagulants.

Importance: There are no data on patient-centered outcomes and health care costs by frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking oral anticoagulants (OACs).

Objective: To compare home time, clinical events, and health care costs associated with OACs by frailty levels in older adults with AF.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This community-based cohort study assessed Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years or older with AF from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019.