Postgraduate medically related qualifications of early career general practitioners.

Background And Objectives: General practitioners' (GPs) specialised qualifications and upskilling in medical roles strengthen healthcare systems and improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to describe additional qualifications attained, or being undertaken, by early career GPs and establish associations of obtaining/undertaking postgraduate and post-Fellowship qualifications.

Method: This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study of early career college-Fellowed GPs in NSW/ACT, Tasmania and Eastern Victoria (New alumni Experiences of Training and independent Unsupervised Practice [NEXT-UP] study).

A large-scale genome-wide study of gene-sleep duration interactions for blood pressure in 811,405 individuals from diverse populations.

Although both short and long sleep duration are associated with elevated hypertension risk, our understanding of their interplay with biological pathways governing blood pressure remains limited. To address this, we carried out genome-wide cross-population gene-by-short-sleep and long-sleep duration interaction analyses for three blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) in 811,405 individuals from diverse population groups. We discovered 22 novel gene-sleep duration interaction loci for blood pressure, mapped to 23 genes.

Effect of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F)-based asthma management during pregnancy versus usual care on infant development, temperament, sensory function and autism signs.

Unlabelled: Asthma during pregnancy is associated with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes. It is also linked to increased rates of neurodevelopmental conditions in the offspring. We aimed to assess whether fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F)-based asthma management during pregnancy improves child developmental and behavioural outcomes compared to usual care.

Landscape fire smoke airway exposure impairs respiratory and cardiac function and worsens experimental asthma.

Background: Millions of people are exposed to landscape fire smoke (LFS) globally, and inhalation of LFS particulate matter (PM) is associated with poor respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. However, how LFS affects respiratory and cardiovascular function is less well understood.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the pathophysiologic effects of representative LFS airway exposure on respiratory and cardiac function and on asthma outcomes.

A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Study of Gene-Sleep Duration Interactions for Blood Pressure in 811,405 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Although both short and long sleep duration are associated with elevated hypertension risk, our understanding of their interplay with biological pathways governing blood pressure remains limited. To address this, we carried out genome-wide cross-population gene-by-short-sleep and long-sleep duration interaction analyses for three blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) in 811,405 individuals from diverse population groups. We discover 22 novel gene-sleep duration interaction loci for blood pressure, mapped to genes involved in neurological, thyroidal, bone metabolism, and hematopoietic pathways.

Using Genetics to Inform Interventions Related to Sodium and Potassium in Hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a key risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events but remains difficult to treat in many individuals. Dietary interventions are an effective approach to lower blood pressure (BP) but are not equally effective across all individuals. BP is heritable, and genetics may be a useful tool to overcome treatment response heterogeneity.

Absolute cardiovascular risk assessment by Australian early-career general practitioners: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associations of general practice registrars' performing absolute cardio-vascular risk (ACVR) assessment (ACVRa).

Design: A cross-sectional study employing data (2017-2018) from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training project, an ongoing inception cohort study of Australian GP registrars. The outcome measure was whether an ACVRa was performed.

Impact of Landscape Fire Smoke Exposure on Patients With Asthma With or Without Laryngeal Hypersensitivity.

Background: Individuals with asthma experienced severe and prolonged symptoms after the Australian 2019 to 2020 landscape fire. Many of these symptoms, such as throat irritation, occur in the upper airway. This suggests that laryngeal hypersensitivity contributes to persistent symptoms after smoke exposure.

Influenza presentations and use of neuraminidase inhibitors by Australian general practice registrars: a cross-sectional analysis from the ReCEnT study.

Objective: This study aims to establish prevalence and associations of (1) influenza and influenza-like illness (IILI) presentations to Australian general practice (GP) registrars (trainees) and (2) the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) by GP registrars for new presentations of IILI, for the 10 years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2010-2019).

Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training ongoing inception cohort study of the in-consultation experience and clinical behaviours of GP registrars. Data are collected by individual registrars three times (from 60 consecutive consultations each time) at 6 monthly intervals.

The impact of the 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires on infant feeding and contaminants in breast milk in women with asthma.

Background: The 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires (bushfires) resulted in prolonged extreme air pollution; little is known about the effects on breastfeeding women and their infants. This study aimed to examine the impact of prolonged landscape fires on infant feeding methods and assess the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elements in breast milk samples.

Methods: From May - December 2020, women with asthma, who were feeding their infants during the fires, were recruited from an existing cohort.

Associations between app usage and behaviour change in a m-health intervention to improve physical activity and sleep health in adults: secondary analyses from two randomised controlled trials.

Background: To examine associations between user engagement and activity-sleep patterns in a 12-week m-health behavioural intervention targeting physical activity and sleep.

Methods: This secondary analysis used data pooled from two Randomised Control Trials (RCT, [Synergy and Refresh]) that aimed to improve physical activity and sleep (PAS) among physically inactive adults with poor sleep. Both RCTs include a PAS intervention group (n = 190 [Synergy n = 80; Refresh n = 110]) and a wait list Control (CON n = 135 [Synergy n = 80; Refresh n = 55]).

The impact of prolonged landscape fire smoke exposure on women with asthma in Australia.

Background: Little is known about the physical and mental health impact of exposure to landscape fire smoke in women with asthma. This study examined the health impacts and information-seeking behaviours of women with asthma exposed to the 2019/2020 Australian fires, including women who were pregnant.

Methods: Women with asthma were recruited from the Breathing for Life Trial in Australia.

Cross-sectional analysis of the clinical work hours of early-career general practitioners.

Background And Objectives: The clinical working hours of early-career general practitioners (GPs) are an important factor in Australian GP workforce planning. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and associations of early-career GPs working full time (nine or more sessions per week) in clinical practice.

Method: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of alumni (from six months to two years post-Fellowship) from three regional training organisations.

Multi-trait genome-wide association study of opioid addiction: OPRM1 and beyond.

Opioid addiction (OA) is moderately heritable, yet only rs1799971, the A118G variant in OPRM1, has been identified as a genome-wide significant association with OA and independently replicated. We applied genomic structural equation modeling to conduct a GWAS of the new Genetics of Opioid Addiction Consortium (GENOA) data together with published studies (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Million Veteran Program, and Partners Health), comprising 23,367 cases and effective sample size of 88,114 individuals of European ancestry. Genetic correlations among the various OA phenotypes were uniformly high (r > 0.

Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: A prospective cohort study of 282,473 U.S. adults.

Purpose: To examine the joint associations between meeting guidelines for physical activity (PA) and sleep duration and all-cause mortality risk among adults.

Methods: Participants were adults (n = 282,473) aged 18-84 years who participated in the 2004-2014 U.S.

Effect of asthma management with exhaled nitric oxide usual care on perinatal outcomes.

Introduction: Asthma exacerbations in pregnancy are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. We aimed to determine whether fractional exhaled nitric oxide ( )-based asthma management improves perinatal outcomes compared to usual care.

Methods: The Breathing for Life Trial was a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial conducted in six hospital antenatal clinics, which compared asthma management guided by (adjustment of asthma treatment according to exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms each 6-12 weeks) to usual care (no treatment adjustment as part of the trial).

'Breathing Fire': Impact of Prolonged Bushfire Smoke Exposure in People with Severe Asthma.

Wildfires are increasing and cause health effects. The immediate and ongoing health impacts of prolonged wildfire smoke exposure in severe asthma are unknown. This longitudinal study examined the experiences and health impacts of prolonged wildfire (bushfire) smoke exposure in adults with severe asthma during the 2019/2020 Australian bushfire period.

Socioeconomic status of practice location and Australian GP registrars' training: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a major determinant of health. In Australia, areas of socioeconomic disadvantage are characterised by complex health needs and inequity in primary health care provision. General Practice (GP) registrars play an important role in addressing workforce needs, including equitable health care provision in areas of greater socioeconomic disadvantage.

Prevalence, Trends, and Correlates of Joint Patterns of Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Activity and Sleep Duration: A Pooled Analysis of 359,019 Adults in the National Health Interview Survey 2004-2018.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and sleep duration have established associations with health outcomes individually but tend to co-occur and may be better targeted jointly. This study aimed to describe the cross-sectional prevalence, trends, and population characteristic correlates of activity-sleep patterns in a population-representative sample of US adults from the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2018).

Methods: Participants (N = 359,019) self-reported aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity and sleep duration.

Onset and progression of chronic disease and disability in a large cohort of older Australian women.

Objective: To estimate the probability of onset and progression of disease and disability, length of life with or without disease and/or disability, and incidence of mortality, and to identify factors associated with transitioning to disease and/or disability over time.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study. Data were provided by 12,432 participants (born 1921-26) of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health linked with National Death Index data from 1996 (age: 70-75) to 2016 (age: 90-95).

Maternal anemia and baby birth size mediate the association between short birth interval and under-five undernutrition in Ethiopia: a generalized structural equation modeling approach.

Background: Studies assessing the association between short birth interval, a birth-to-birth interval of less than 33 months, and under-five undernutrition have produced inconclusive results. This study aimed to assess the relationship between short birth interval and outcomes of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children aged under-five in Ethiopia, and potential mediation of any associations by maternal anemia and baby birth size.

Method: Data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was used.

Socioeconomic disadvantage and the practice location of recently Fellowed Australian GPs: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Socioeconomic disadvantage and the 'inverse care law' have significant effects on the health and well-being of Australians. Early career GPs can help address the needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged communities by choosing to practice in these locations. This study addressed an evidence gap around GPs post-Fellowship (within 2 years) practice location, and whether practice location is related to postgraduate vocational training.