The common cold is associated with protection from SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

Background: Adults and children often respond differently to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with adults facing a higher risk of symptomatic and severe illness. We hypothesize that children's protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 may be due to more frequent respiratory viral infections, which prime their airway antiviral defenses.

Methods: Using case-cohort and case-control analyses in the Human Epidemiology and Response to SARS-CoV-2 cohort, we evaluated whether infection with common respiratory viruses protects against SARS-CoV-2 infections and investigated airway molecular mechanisms by which this protection is achieved.

The PRIMERO birth cohort: Design and baseline characteristics.

Background: Although early-life respiratory illnesses (RIs) are linked to childhood asthma, it is unclear whether children are predisposed to both conditions or if RIs induce alterations that lead to asthma. Puerto Rican children, who bear a disproportionate burden of early-life RIs and asthma, are an important population for studying this relationship.

Objective: We sought to describe the design and baseline characteristics of the Puerto Rican Infant Metagenomic and Epidemiologic Study of Respiratory Outcomes (PRIMERO) birth cohort.

Independent and interactive effects of viral species on risk for lower respiratory tract illnesses in early life.

Importance: All children experience upper respiratory tract illnesses (URI) caused by viral infections. However, some of these illnesses progress to the lower airways. Although studies have found infection with certain viral species are more likely to trigger lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs), a comprehensive analysis of viruses underlying early-life LRIs is lacking.

Comparative analysis of ambient, in-home, and personal exposures reveals associations between breathing zone pollutant levels and asthma exacerbations in high-risk children.

Background: Air pollution is associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, most studies focus on ambient or indoor monitor pollution levels. Few studies evaluate breathing zone exposures, which may be more consequential for asthma outcomes.

Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Human Rhinovirus C Binding and Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells from Pediatric Asthma.

Rhinovirus C (RV-C) infection can trigger asthma exacerbations in children and adults, and RV-C-induced wheezing illnesses in preschool children correlate with the development of childhood asthma. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays a critical role in regulating pulmonary innate immunity by binding to numerous respiratory pathogens. Mature SP-A consists of multiple isoforms that form the hetero-oligomers of SP-A1 and SP-A2, organized in 18-mers.

The Puerto Rican Infant Metagenomic and Epidemiologic Study of Respiratory Outcomes (PRIMERO): Design and Baseline Characteristics for a Birth Cohort Study of Early-life Viral Respiratory Illnesses and Airway Dysfunction in Puerto Rican Children.

Epidemiologic studies demonstrate an association between early-life respiratory illnesses (RIs) and the development of childhood asthma. However, it remains uncertain whether these children are predisposed to both conditions or if early-life RIs induce alterations in airway function, immune responses, or other human biology that contribute to the development of asthma. Puerto Rican children experience a disproportionate burden of early-life RIs and asthma, making them an important population for investigating this complex interplay.

Breathing zone pollutant levels are associated with asthma exacerbations in high-risk children.

Background: Indoor and outdoor air pollution levels are associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, few studies have evaluated whether breathing zone pollutant levels associate with asthma outcomes.

Objective: Determine breathing zone exposure levels of NO , O , total PM and PM constituents among children with exacerbation-prone asthma, and examine correspondence with in-home and community measurements and associations with outcomes.

Network Analysis Examining Intrahospital Traffic of Patients With Traumatic Hip Fracture.

Introduction: Increased intrahospital traffic (IHT) is associated with adverse events and infections in hospitalized patients. Network science has been used to study patient flow in hospitals but not specifically for patients with traumatic injuries.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 103 patients with traumatic hip fractures admitted to a level I trauma center between April 2021 and September 2021.