Case Report: Molecular Analyses of Cell-Cycle-Related Genes in Cortical Brain Tissue of a Patient with Rasmussen Encephalitis.

Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) stands as a rare neurological disorder marked by progressive cerebral hemiatrophy and epilepsy resistant to medical treatment. Despite extensive study, the primary cause of RE remains elusive, while its histopathological features encompass cortical inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and gliosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms driving disease progression remain largely unexplored.

Analysis of genes involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and control of apoptosis during embryonic neurogenesis in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of cortical development which is strongly associated with drug-refractory epilepsy. Certain studies have demonstrated an increase in mTOR signaling in patients with FCD on the basis of observation of phosphorylated molecules. The aim of the present study was to verify the differences in genes involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and control of apoptosis during embryonic neurogenesis in iPSCs derived from the Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Microsurgical Clipping of Low-Riding Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysm.

Basilar bifurcation is a challenging site for aneurysm clipping. Anatomic factors, such as size and projection of the aneurysm, distance between the aneurysm neck and the dorsum sellae, and location of the basilar bifurcation, contribute to surgical complexity. Endovascular treatment has been used more frequently than microsurgical clipping, especially for posterior circulation lesions.

Vinblastine and antihelmintic mebendazole potentiate temozolomide in resistant gliomas.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive tumor that has not had substantial therapeutic improvement since the introduction of temozolomide (TMZ) in combination with radiotherapy. Combining TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents is a strategy that could be further explored for GBM. To search for molecular predictors of TMZ resistance, the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database was utilized to assess the impact of specific genes on TMZ response.

[Hippocampal microsurgical anatomy regarding the selective amygdalohippocampectomy in the Niemeyer's technique perspective and preoperative method to maximize the corticotomy].

Unlabelled: The deep knowledge of hippocampal microsurgical anatomy is paramount in epilepsy surgery. One of the most used techniques is those proposed by Niemeyer.

Purpose: To describe the hippocampal anatomy in detail and to present a technique in which preoperative anatomical points in MRI are identified to guide the corticotomy.

The antiepileptic activity of JSTX-3 is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in human hippocampal neurons.

We analyzed the effect of the acylpolyaminetoxin JSTX-3 on the epileptogenic discharges induced by perfusion of human hippocampal slices with artificial cerebrospinal fluid lacking Mg2+ or N-methyl-D-aspartate. Hippocampi were surgically removed from patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy, sliced in the surgical room and taken to the laboratory immersed in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Epileptiform activity was induced by perfusion with Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid or by iontophoretically applied N-methyl-D-aspartate and intracellular and field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed.

Reflex seizures in patients with malformations of cortical development and refractory epilepsy.

Purpose: Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are usually highly epileptogenic, and their hyperexcitability could facilitate the occurrence of reflex seizures. We sought to characterize reflex seizures in patients with MCDs and refractory epilepsy.

Methods: Clinical, electrographic, and neuroimaging data were reviewed in eight patients with MCDs who had reflex seizures reproduced during presurgical evaluation.

The treatment of patients with hypothalamic hamartomas, epilepsy and behavioural abnormalities: facts and hypotheses.

The growing interest in the association between hypothalamic hamartomas (HH), epilepsy and behavioural abnormalities witnessed in recent years, has led to significant progress regarding the clinical presentations, pathophysiology and management of this entity. Patients with these lesions may occupy different points within a spectrum of severity of the epileptic and behavioural disorder, and may dynamically progress toward more malignant epilepsies with time. The role of the subcortical lesion in the generation of the gelastic seizures has been established, and encouraging results have been obtained with surgical resection, destruction or disconnection of the hamartoma.

Corpora amylacea in temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Unlabelled: Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the commonest pathology in epileptic patients undergoing temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Beside, there are an increased density of corpora amylacea (CA) founded in 6 to 63% of those cases.

Objective: verify the presence of CA and the clinical correlates of their occurrence in a consecutive series of patients undergoing temporal surgery with diagnosis of HS.

Functional variability of the human cortical motor map: electrical stimulation findings in perirolandic epilepsy surgery.

The purpose of this study was to assess the cortical representation of sensorimotor functions in patients undergoing perirolandic epilepsy surgery, focusing on somatotopy, mosaicism, and variability of function in relation to the classic motor homunculus. The authors studied 36 patients in whom intraoperative or extraoperative electrical cortical stimulation to map motor functions was performed. A computer program was devised to register electrode number, stimulation parameters, and response to each stimulus.