Predictive Value of Serum Interleukins in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), with conflicting results. This study was performed to identify alteration of different serum interleukins (ILs) in children with INS, and their predictive value in response to steroid treatment. Three groups of children (27; steroid-sensitive INS, 21; steroid-resistant INS, and 19 healthy controls) with normal serum C3, negative serologic tests of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immune deficiency virus (HIV), and parasitic infections were included in this study.

Utility of Urine Interleukines in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux and Renal Parenchymal Damage.

Purpose: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common risk factor of urinary tract infection in children. Currently, diagnosis of VUR depends on invasive imaging studies, with a high radiologic burden. Therefore, different biomarkers have been introduced for the evaluation of these patients.

Changes in body mass index after pediatric renal transplantation.

Significant weight gain following renal transplantation is common in adult and pediatric recipients and mostly depends on receiving higher doses of steroids, changes in mood and feelings, as well as their level of physical activities. This study was performed to evaluate body weight and body mass index (BMI) before and after kidney transplantation in children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 71 pediatric renal transplant recipients (42 boys and 29 girls) were included.

Improvement Of Congenital Chloride Diarrhea With Corticosteroids: An Incidental Finding.

Congenital chloride diarrhea of infancy is a life threatening disease. We discuss two boys with congenital chloride diarrhea over a long time period before and after kidney transplantation. In the first case, prenatal sonography revealed polyhydramnios and generalized bowel loop distention.

Validity of urine neutrophile gelatinase-associated lipocalin in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital urinary tract abnormality in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Materials And Methods: A total of 69 patients were evaluated in 2 groups with (32) and without (37) VUR.

Role of Calcium to Citrate Ratio in Predicting Stone Formation in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria Children (2-12 Years Old).

Objective: Considering the predictive role of the relatively low urinary citrate for stone formation, especially in hypercalciuric patients, this study is aimed at comparing urine calcium to citrate (Ca/Cit) ratio in 3 groups of children, including patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria with and without renal stone as well as the healthy children.

Methods: This study was carried out on 96 children (2 to 12 years old) referred to a pediatric nephrology clinic in the city of Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. All the children underwent renal ultrasonography, urinalysis, and measurement of random nonfasting urine Ca, Cr, and citrate.

Effect of prednisolone on linear growth in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Objective: This study aims at determining the relationship between prednisolone cumulative dose and linear growth in pre-pubertal children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome registered to the pediatric nephrology department at the main referral children's hospital in Southwestern Iran. Inclusion criteria included age (males <12 years; females <10 years), >6 months of use, and the minimum prednisolone cumulative dose of 152mg/kg.

Childhood onset type 1 diabetes at a tertiary hospital in south-western Iran during 2000-2015: Rapid increase in admissions and high prevalence of DKA at diagnosis.

Aims: Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing worldwide. We aimed to study trends in presentation and incidence of childhood diabetes in the last 15years in south-western Iran.

Methods: During a detailed review of compiled records of the main tertiary children's hospital of southwest of Iran, from January 2000 to December 2009, the following clinical information relevant to diabetes were analysed: admissions, demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, hospital course, and mortality.

Worldwide view of nephropathic cystinosis: results from a survey from 30 countries.

Background: Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare inherited metabolic disorder leading to progressive renal failure and extra-renal comorbidity. The prognosis relies on early adherence to cysteamine treatment and symptomatic therapies. Developing nations [DiN] experience many challenges for management of cystinosis.

Acute kidney injury in scorpion stung children: Risk factors and clinical features.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently seen in Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion stung children. We have previously reported several victims with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 deficiency. Hence, we conducted this study to identify predictive factors and clinical features of AKI in H.

Validity of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocaline as a Biomarker for Diagnosis of Children with Acute Pyelonephritis.

Purpose: Novel biomarkers have been investigated for various renal disorders, including urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this study was to assess whether urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocaline (NGAL), could represent a reliable biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of children with acute pyelonephritis (APN).

Materials And Methods: A total of 37 children (32 females, 5 males) with APN were included in this prospective study.

Comparison of survival in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis.

Although the life expectancy of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has improved in recent years, it is still far below that of the general population. In this retrospective study, we compared the survival of patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis (HD) versus those on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study was conducted on patients referred to the HD and PD centers of the Emam Khomini Hospital and the Aboozar Children's Hospital from January 2007 to May 2012 in Ahvaz, Iran.

The protective effect of theophyline in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Cisplatin is a potent and a major anti-neoplastic drug in the treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, its clinical use is limited by renal tubular dysfunction that occurs in a significant percent of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of theophyline in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Predisposing factors for infantile urinary calculus in south-west of Iran.

Introduction: Urinary calculi in infants are relatively infrequent, but their incidence has increased in the recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation, metabolic risk factors, and urinary tract abnormalities in infants suffering from kidney calculus.

Materials And Methods: A total of 152 infants were admitted between 2009 and 2012 with ultrasonography-proven urolithiasis.

High frequency of acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency after hemolysis in Hemiscorpius Lepturus (scorpion) stung children.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency in severe cases of Hemiscorpius lepturus stung patients and the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in these patients.

Methods: Sixty scorpion stung children who were referred with severe hemolysis and hemoglobinuria were studied. None of them had received blood products and no one had a past medical history of renal failure.

Toilet training in Iranian children: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: There is still controversy about the methods and the age of toilet training that are varied in different cultures. This is a survey of Iranian parents' views about the appropriate age, the true age, the methods used for toilet training, and the association with voiding problems.

Methods: Questionnaires were filled-out containing items on demographic data, the parents' view, the method applied, and the age at which toilet training was accomplished in children aged 2 months to 5 years.

Clinical correlation between hypercalciuria and nocturnal enuresis.

Hypercalciuria may present with dysuria, urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis (NE). To determine the frequency of hypercalciuria in NE patients and normally continent children, we studied 122 consecutive pre- school children with NE referred to our nephrology clinic during two years, from September 2007 to August 2009. We measured the 24- hour urinary calcium.

ADAMTS-13 deficiency following Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion sting.

Hemiscorpius lepturus is a lethal scorpion with potentially cytotoxic venom. Various degrees of local and systemic toxicity have been observed after its envenomation ranging from local erythema to disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure and severe pulmonary hemorrhage. In this case report, we report on a seven-year-old patient who developed the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after being stung by the scorpion H.

The efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcome of children having severe pneumonia, with and without zinc supplementation by a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial.

Methods: In this study, 128 children (3-60 months old) admitted to the hospital with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into 2 groups (64 in each) that received either zinc sulfate (2 mg/kg/d, maximum 20 mg in 2 divided doses, for 5 days) or a placebo, along with the standard antimicrobial therapy. Primary outcome measurements included the time taken for clinical symptoms of severe pneumonia such as fever and respiratory distress symptoms to resolve, and the secondary outcome included the duration of hospital stay.

Outcome of renal transplantation in children: a multi-center national report from Iran.

The outcome of pediatric renal transplantation was previously reported by a single-center study at the year 2006. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate and report the characteristics and outcome of renal pediatric renal transplantation in a multi-center nationwide study. In this nationwide report, medical records of 907 children (≤18yr) with renal transplantation in eight major pediatric transplant centers of Iran were recorded.

How to reach rapid diagnosis in sickle cell disease?

Objective: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hereditary disease in Iran. In developed countries, newborn screening programs have been established to ensure early diagnosis, but in most developing countries, screening is not performed and the diagnosis is often delayed. The aim of the present work was to investigate the clinical presentation of SCD in Iran and comparison of its hematologic indices with normal children.

Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years in diabetic and nondiabetic patients on hemodialysis.

We analyzed survival of 185 adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis (9 h/wk to 12 h/wk) at Emam Khomini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. Patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 89.2%, 69.

Bardet-biedl syndrome in a child with chronic kidney disease.

A 4-year old boy was referred for evaluation of renal failure, posterior urethral valve (PUV) and urinary tract infection. His parents added complaints of polyuria, polydipsia, enuresis, shortness of stature, and inappropriate obesity. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were 45 and 3.

Clinical correlation between dyslipidemia and pediatric chronic allograft nephropathy.

CAN refers to the progressive decline of renal function seen in some renal transplant recipients in association with alloantigen-dependent and alloantigen-independent factors. Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and CAN in adult renal transplant recipients, whereas no data exist in the pediatric transplant population. In this cross-sectional study, 62 renal transplant recipients (32 CAN vs.