Improving detectability of illegal fishing activities across supply chains.

Improving detectability (i.e., enforcers' capacity to detect illegal fishing activities) is vital for fisheries management, food security, and livelihoods.

A global indicator of species recovery.

Monitoring progress toward meeting global biodiversity goals involves several indicators, including, at the species level, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index (RLI) and the Living Planet Index (LPI). However, at present, there is no indicator specifically for tracking species recovery, despite this being enshrined in the mission of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). The IUCN recently adopted the Green Status of Species (GSS), a global standard for measuring species recovery and for assessing the role played by conservation in species recovery.

Dehorning reduces rhino poaching.

Across 11 southern African reserves protecting the world's largest rhino population, we documented the poaching of 1985 rhinos (2017-2023, ~6.5% of the population annually) despite approximately USD 74 million spent on antipoaching. Most investment focused on reactive law enforcement-rangers, tracking dogs, access controls, and detection cameras-which helped achieve >700 poacher arrests.

Conservation impacts and hidden actions in a randomized controlled trial of a marine pay-to-release program.

Incentive payments could cost-effectively and equitably achieve biodiversity conservation goals but could also trigger unintended countervailing actions. Here, we report on a preregistered, randomized controlled trial of a pay-to-release program among small-scale, Indonesian fishing vessels for the release of two critically endangered marine taxa from fishing gear: hammerhead sharks and wedgefish. A conventional monitoring approach, which quantifies impacts based on conservation-relevant actions (i.