Metaheuristic-based optimal energy assessment of hybrid multi-effect evaporator with synergy of solar and wind energy sources.

This study emphasizes a multi-pronged approach to improving the energy efficiency of Multi-Effect Evaporator (MEE) in the paper industry. By incorporating traditional Energy-Saving Schemes (ESSs) and innovative renewable energy sources, the study demonstrates significant potential for reducing energy consumption and environmental impact, making it a decisive pathway for industrial sustainability. Key ESS strategies include Thermo-Vapor Compressors, Feed Preheaters, and Steam- and Feed-Split, which are employed to enhance Steam Economy (SE) to evaluate MEE efficiency.