Novel influenza A(H1N2) seasonal reassortant virus identified in a patient, Sweden, April 2025.

In April 2025, a human seasonal reassortant influenza A(H1N2) virus with a 7:1 genetic constellation was detected in Sweden in a patient seeking primary care for influenza-like illness. The neuraminidase gene of this virus was from A(H3N2) and the remaining genes from A(H1N1)pdm09. The patient recovered.

Weight Changes Are Linked to Adipose Tissue Genes in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have varying difficulties in achieving weight loss by lifestyle intervention, which may depend on adipose tissue metabolism. The objective was to study baseline subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression as a prediction of weight loss by lifestyle intervention in obese/overweight women with PCOS. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial where women with PCOS, aged 18-40 and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 were initially randomized to either a 4-month behavioral modification program or minimal intervention according to standard care.

Maternal thyroid function and offspring birth anthropometrics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders have both been linked to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Even small variations in thyroid function within the normal range may influence fetal growth. Our aim was to investigate whether maternal thyroid function is associated with newborn anthropometrics in PCOS and explore the potential modifying effect of metformin.

Maternal serum levels of prokineticin-1 related to pregnancy complications and metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a post hoc analysis of two prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trials.

Objective: Serum prokineticin-1 (s-PROK1) in the second and third trimester of pregnancy is positively correlated to preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm delivery. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are prone to these adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the contribution of PROK1 to the development of pregnancy complications and the effect of metformin and hyperandrogenism on s-PROK1 in PCOS have not been studied previously.

DHT and Insulin Upregulate Secretion of the Soluble Decoy Receptor of IL-33 From Decidualized Endometrial Stromal Cells.

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) signaling regulates most of the key processes of pregnancy, including decidualization, trophoblast proliferation and invasion, vascular remodeling, and placental growth. Accordingly, dysregulation of IL-33, its membrane-bound receptor (ST2L, transducer of IL-33 signaling), and its soluble decoy receptor (sST2, inhibitor of IL-33 signaling) has been linked to a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes that are common in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, that is, conditions associated with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. To reveal if androgens and insulin might modulate uteroplacental IL-33 signaling, we investigated the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or insulin on the expression of ST2L and sST2 (along with the activity of their promoter regions), IL-33 and sIL1RAP (heterodimerization partner of sST2), during in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells from 9 healthy women.

Impaired decidualization and relative increase of PROK1 expression in the decidua of patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss showing insulin resistance.

A recent meta-analysis revealed that patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) show higher insulin resistance compared to healthy controls. However, the etiology of RPL remains unknown. Prokineticin (PROK1), a pleiotropic uterine endometrial protein, is important for implantation and decidualization and is regulated by hypoxia and insulin.

Effects of Estradiol/Micronized Progesterone vs. Conjugated Equine Estrogens/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Breast Cancer Gene Expression in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.

Recent studies suggest estradiol (E)/natural progesterone (P) confers less breast cancer risk compared with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE)/synthetic progestogens. We investigate if could provide some explanation. This study is a subset of a monocentric, 2-way, open observer-blinded, phase 4 randomized controlled trial on healthy postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms (ClinicalTrials.

IFNγ directly counteracts imatinib-induced apoptosis of primary human CD34+ CML stem/progenitor cells potentially through the upregulation of multiple key survival factors.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but residual disease typically persists even after prolonged treatment. Several lines of evidence suggest that TKIs administered to CML patients upregulate interferon γ (IFNγ) production, which may counteract the anti-tumorigenic effects of the therapy. We now show that activated T cell-conditioned medium (TCM) enhanced proliferation and counteracted imatinib-induced apoptosis of CML cells, and addition of a neutralizing anti-IFNγ antibody at least partially inhibited the anti-apoptotic effect.

Combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 exerts synergistic antitumorigenic effects on CML cells.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment has dramatically improved the survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, but measurable residual disease typically persists. To more effectively eradicate leukemia cells, simultaneous targeting of BCR-ABL1 and additional CML-related survival proteins has been proposed. Notably, several highly specific myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials for various hematologic malignancies, although not for CML, reflecting the insensitivity of CML cell lines to single MCL1 inhibition.

Interaction between insulin and androgen signalling in decidualization, cell migration and trophoblast invasion in vitro.

Finely tuned decidualization of endometrial stromal fibroblasts into decidual cells is crucial for successful implantation and a healthy pregnancy. Both insulin and androgens are known to modulate decidualization, however, their complex effect on this process has not been fully elucidated. As hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism are associated in clinical conditions, we aimed to investigate the interaction between insulin and androgens on decidualization.

Insulin regulation of solute carrier family 2 member 1 (glucose transporter 1) expression and glucose uptake in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells: an in vitro study.

Background: Solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1; previously known as glucose transporter 1), is the most abundant glucose transporter in human endometrium and is up-regulated during decidualization, whereas high insulin may have a negative impact on this process. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin on the expression of SLC2A1 and glucose uptake in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.

Methods: We induced in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells obtained from regularly menstruating healthy non-obese women.

Dihydrotestosterone potentiates insulin to up-regulate prokineticin-1 in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.

Prokineticin 1 (PROK1) is a key regulator of embryo implantation and placentation, and its dysregulation is associated with pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia and foetal growth restriction. We have previously shown that insulin strongly enhances the expression of PROK1 in human decidualizing stromal cells. Here, we demonstrate that dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but not testosterone, potentiates insulin to up-regulate PROK1 in these cells.

Interferon γ is a strong, STAT1-dependent direct inducer of BCL6 expression in multiple myeloma cells.

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional master regulator that can repress more than 1200 potential target genes. It exerts oncogenic effects through the inhibition of differentiation, DNA damage sensing and apoptosis in several human hematopoietic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). The multifunctional cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) exerts pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on MM cells in vitro, at least partially through the inhibition of the effects of interleukin 6 (IL6), one of the most important growth factor of MM and a strong inducer of BCL6 expression.

Prokineticin 1 is up-regulated by insulin in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.

Prokineticin 1 (PROK1), a hypoxia-regulated angiogenic factor, has emerged as a crucial regulator of embryo implantation and placentation. Dysregulation of PROK1 has been linked to recurrent pregnancy loss, pre-eclampsia, foetal growth restriction and preterm birth. These pregnancy complications are common in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, i.

Comprehensive RNA sequencing of healthy human endometrium at two time points of the menstrual cycle.

Endometrial receptivity is crucial for implantation and establishment of a normal pregnancy. The shift from proliferative to receptive endometrium is still far from being understood. In this paper, we comprehensively present the transcriptome of the human endometrium by comparing endometrial biopsies from proliferative phase with consecutive biopsies 7-9 days after ovulation.

Dysregulation of In Vitro Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells by Insulin via Transcriptional Inhibition of Forkhead Box Protein O1.

Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are characteristic features of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, and both are associated with reduced fertility and implantation. There is little knowledge about the effect of insulin on the decidualization process and previous findings are contradictory. We investigated the effect of insulin on the regulation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), one of the most important transcription factors during decidualization.

Molecular typing of human herpesvirus 8 isolates from patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in Hungary.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) shows a distinct geographical and ethnic distribution. Genes at both ends of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) genome have been shown to vary considerably. Seven major molecular subtypes of HHV-8 were defined based on the amino acid sequence of the open reading frame K1 (orf-K1).

Latency type-dependent modulation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 expression by type I interferons in B cells.

We report that type I interferons (IFNs) upregulate latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) expression by direct activation of the ED-L1 promoter in several Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying Burkitt's lymphoma lines. In EBV-infected primary B cells, IFN-α transiently upregulates LMP-1 mRNA, but not protein levels, followed by downregulation of both, suggesting a novel antiproliferative mechanism of type I IFNs. Furthermore, our results may explain the expression of LMP-1 in memory B cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Soluble factors produced by activated CD4+ T cells modulate EBV latency.

Following infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the virus is carried for life in the memory B-cell compartment in a silent state (latency I/0). These cells do not resemble the proliferating lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) (latency III) that are generated after infection. It is of fundamental significance to identify how the different EBV expression patterns are established in the latently infected cell.

Type I interferons directly down-regulate BCL-6 in primary and transformed germinal center B cells: differential regulation in B cell lines derived from endemic or sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma.

Type I interferons (IFN) exert multiple effects on both the innate and adaptive immune system in addition to their antiviral and antiproliferative activities. Little is known, however about the direct effects of type I IFNs on germinal center (GC) B cells, the central components of adaptive B cell responses. We used Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) lines, as a model system of normal human GC B cells, to examine the effect of type I IFNs on the expression of BCL-6, the major regulator of the GC reaction.

Third genome size category of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and evolutionary implications.

The goal of the study was to establish if there was a relationship between molecular patterns and virus evolution. Therefore the complete genome sequence of two distinct apathogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains was determined and a third genome size category, containing 15,198 nucleotides, was recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two major separations resulting in three genome size categories occurred during the history of NDV.

Complete nucleotide sequence of IT-227/82, an avian paramyxovirus type-1 strain of pigeons (Columba livia).

This paper describes the complete genome sequence of IT-227/82, a strain of avian paramyxovirus type-1 of pigeon (PPMV-1). IT-227/82 is an antigenic variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of chickens. The genome is 15,192 nucleotides (nt) long, similarly to the previously published NDV strain ZJ1.

Identification and subgrouping of pigeon type Newcastle disease virus strains by restriction enzyme cleavage site analysis.

A host variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV, genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae) is responsible for an autonomous disease in pigeons. It emerged in the late 1970s in the Mediterranean region. Despite great genetic diversity the vast majority of strains belong to a monophyletic group (sublineage VIb) within genotype VI of NDV strains that were indigenous in the region at that time.