Transition off respiratory support for very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an observational study of national audit data in England and Wales.

Objective: To compare the proportion of infants receiving different respiratory support types between 36 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Design: Retrospective cohort study using National Neonatal Audit Programme data.

Setting: England and Wales.

Implementation of active therapeutic hypothermia across a regional transport network for infants transferred for neonatal encephalopathy.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the introduction of servo-controlled therapeutic hypothermia (TH) by a regional transport service and referring centres for infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). The primary objective was to compare the time to reach 33-34 °C target temperature (TT).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of neonatal transfers for TH across a large UK regional network from 2011 to 2021.

Association of gestational day with antenatal management and the mortality and respiratory outcomes of extremely preterm infants.

Objective: Perinatal epidemiological studies and outcomes are often reported on gestational week thresholds. This study aims to quantify and investigate the association of each gestational day at birth on antenatal management, mortality and respiratory outcomes of extremely preterm infants.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using National Neonatal Research Database.

Using a novel smartphone app to track noise and vibration exposure during neonatal ambulance transport.

Objective: To assess the utility of a bespoke smartphone app to map noise and vibration exposure across neonatal road ambulance journeys.

Design And Setting: Prospective observational study of ambulance journeys across a large UK neonatal transport service. Smartphones, with an in-house developed app, were secured to incubator trolleys to collect vibration and noise data for comparison with international standards.

Enhanced Infant Movement Analysis Using Transformer-Based Fusion of Diverse Video Features for Neurodevelopmental Monitoring.

Neurodevelopment is a highly intricate process, and early detection of abnormalities is critical for optimizing outcomes through timely intervention. Accurate and cost-effective diagnostic methods for neurological disorders, particularly in infants, remain a significant challenge due to the heterogeneity of data and the variability in neurodevelopmental conditions. This study recruited twelve parent-infant pairs, with infants aged 3 to 12 months.

Quantifying the impact of centralised neonatal care following interhospital transfer of preterm infants on families.

Aim: Evaluate the additional burden of centralised neonatal care on families of extremely preterm infants cared for away from their planned hospital of birth.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using national data for infants 23 to 27 weeks of gestation admitted for neonatal care from 2011 to 2016. The number of transfers on the first day of life (potential maternal-infant separation), time away from the maternal booking hospital (BH) and distance from the maternal residence were quantified.

Identifying neonatal transport research priorities: a modified Delphi consensus.

Objectives: With increasing advances in neonatal transport, a focused research strategy is required to increase the evidence base towards providing optimal care. We aimed to identify the most important neonatal transport research questions as prioritised by parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Design: Key stakeholders participated in a modified three-stage Delphi consensus process.

Tracking national neonatal transport activity and metrics using the UK Neonatal Transport Group dataset 2012-2021: a narrative review.

There are no internationally agreed descriptors for categories of neonatal transports which facilitate comparisons between settings. To continually review and enhance neonatal transport care we need robust categories to develop benchmarks. This review aimed to report on the development and application of key measures across a national neonatal transport service.

Characteristics and outcomes of neonates hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK by variant: a prospective national cohort study.

Objective: Neonatal infection with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 is rare and good outcomes predominate. We investigated neonatal outcomes using national population-level data to describe the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.

Association between opioid use during mechanical ventilation in preterm infants and evidence of brain injury: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

Background: Preterm infants often require mechanical ventilation (MV), which can be a painful experience. Opioids (such as morphine) are used to provide analgesia, despite conflicting evidence about their impact on the developing brain. We aimed to quantify the use of opioids during MV in infants born at <32 weeks' gestational age and to investigate the association between opioid use and evidence of brain injury.

The critical role of technologies in neonatal care.

Neonatal care has made significant advances in the last few decades. As a result, mortality and morbidity in high-risk infants, such as extremely preterm infants or those infants with birth-related brain injury, has reduced significantly. Many of these advances have been facilitated or delivered through development of medical technologies allowing clinical teams to be better supported with the care they deliver or provide new therapies and diagnostics to improve management.

Respiratory management and outcomes in high-risk preterm infants with development of a population outcome dashboard.

Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with adverse long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes. No recent studies examined the changing respiratory management and outcomes, particularly severe BPD, across a whole population.

Purpose: Evaluate the temporal trends in the respiratory management and outcomes of preterm infants born below 32 weeks gestational age and develop an individualised dashboard of the incidence of neonatal outcome.

Impact of postnatal dexamethasone timing on preterm mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a propensity score analysis.

Background: Postnatal dexamethasone (PND) is used in high-risk preterm infants after the first week of life to facilitate extubation and prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) but the optimal treatment timing remains unclear. Our objective was to explore the association between the timing of PND commencement and mortality and respiratory outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective National Neonatal Research Database study of 84 440 premature infants born <32 weeks gestational age from 2010 to 2020 in England and Wales.

The Classification of Movement in Infants for the Autonomous Monitoring of Neurological Development.

Neurodevelopmental delay following extremely preterm birth or birth asphyxia is common but diagnosis is often delayed as early milder signs are not recognised by parents or clinicians. Early interventions have been shown to improve outcomes. Automation of diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders using non-invasive, cost effective methods within a patient's home could improve accessibility to testing.

Neonatal outcomes of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a prospective cohort study using active surveillance.

Background: Newborns may be affected by maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical course and short-term outcomes of babies admitted to a neonatal unit (NNU) following birth to a mother with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 7 days of birth.

Methods: This is a UK prospective cohort study; all NHS NNUs, 1 March 2020 to 31 August 2020.

Observational cohort study of use of caffeine in preterm infants and association between early caffeine use and neonatal outcomes.

Objective: To quantify trends in caffeine use in infants born at <32 weeks' gestational age (GA), and to investigate the effects of early vs late caffeine on neonatal outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective propensity score matched cohort study using routinely recorded data from the National Neonatal Research Database of infants born at <32 weeks' GA admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales (2012-2020).

Results: 89% (58 913/66 081) of infants received caffeine.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prediction models: a systematic review and meta-analysis with validation.

Prediction models could identify infants at the greatest risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and allow targeted preventative strategies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with external validation of identified models. Studies using predictors available before day 14 of life to predict BPD in very preterm infants were included.

Artificial intelligence-driven wearable technologies for neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring: Part 1 wearable technology.

With the development of Artificial Intelligence techniques, smart health monitoring is becoming more popular. In this study, we investigate the trend of wearable sensors being adopted and developed in neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring. We performed a search of papers published from the year 2000 onwards.

Artificial intelligence-driven wearable technologies for neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring. Part 2: artificial intelligence.

Background: With the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, smart health monitoring, particularly neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring with wearable devices, is becoming more popular. To this end, it is crucial to investigate the trend of AI and wearable sensors being developed in this domain.

Methods: We performed a review of papers published in IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and PubMed from the year 2000 onwards, to understand the use of AI for neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring with wearable technologies.

Neonatal stroke surveillance study protocol in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

Neonatal stroke is a devastating condition that causes brain injury in babies and often leads to lifelong neurological impairment. Recent prospective population studies of neonatal stroke are lacking. Neonatal strokes are different from those in older children and adults.

Application and potential of artificial intelligence in neonatal medicine.

Neonatal care is becoming increasingly complex with large amounts of rich, routinely recorded physiological, diagnostic and outcome data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to harness this vast quantity and range of information and become a powerful tool to support clinical decision making, personalised care, precise prognostics, and enhance patient safety. Current AI approaches in neonatal medicine include tools for disease prediction and risk stratification, neurological diagnostic support and novel image recognition technologies.