Coexistence of Sympatric Large Carnivores: Spatio-Temporal Interactions Between Tigers and Leopards in Parsa National Park, Nepal.

Understanding interspecific interactions between tigers () and leopards () is crucial for effective conservation planning. However, most studies have been conducted only in well-known protected areas, leaving knowledge gaps in other parts of their overlapping range. This study investigates the spatial-temporal interactions between sympatric carnivores (tigers and leopards) in Parsa National Park (PNP), Nepal.

Gharial (, Gmelin, 1789) abundance in the Rapti River, Chitwan National Park, Nepal.

Gharial () is a Critically Endangered crocodilian species whose abundance in Nepalese rivers is low due to the threat they face. We estimated gharial abundance in the Rapti River, one of the major rivers in Chitwan National Park (CNP) holding the largest numbers of gharials in Nepal. The Rapti River, running across the CNP, was divided into 18 segments, each measuring ~4 km, and gharials were counted directly with three replicates.