Diallyl Trisulfide Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced ER Stress and Kidney Dysfunction in Aged Female Mice.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the aging population. Gender studies show that aging is associated with loss of protection from AKI in the female population. While ER stress contributes to IRI-induced AKI in the young, ER regulation during IR in the aged kidney is unclear.

A novel rotation and scale-invariant deep learning framework leveraging conical transformers for precise differentiation between meningioma and solitary fibrous tumor.

Meningiomas, the most prevalent tumors of the central nervous system, can have overlapping histopathological features with solitary fibrous tumors (SFT), presenting a significant diagnostic challenge. Accurate differentiation between these two diagnoses is crucial for optimal medical management. Currently, immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques are the methods of choice for distinguishing between them; however, these techniques are expensive and not universally available.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Classification of Renal Oncocytic Neoplasms: Advancing From a 2-Class Model of Renal Oncocytoma and Low-Grade Oncocytic Tumor to a 3-Class Model Including Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Context.—: Distinguishing between renal oncocytic tumors, such as renal oncocytoma (RO), and a subset of tumors with overlapping characteristics, including the recently identified low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT), can present a diagnostic challenge for pathologists owing to shared histopathologic features.

Objective.

Impact of chronic ethanol consumption and SARS-COV-2 on the liver and intestine: A pilot dose-response study in mice.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a marked increase in alcohol consumption. COVID-19 superimposed on underlying liver disease notably worsens the outcome of many forms of liver injury. The goal of a current pilot study was to test the dual exposure of alcohol and COVID-19 infection in an experimental animal model of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).

Toll-like receptor 4 mutation mitigates gut microbiota-mediated hypertensive kidney injury.

Hypertension-associated dysbiosis is linked to several clinical complications, including inflammation and possible kidney dysfunction. Inflammation and TLR4 activation during hypertension result from gut dysbiosis-related impairment of intestinal integrity. However, the contribution of TLR4 in kidney dysfunction during hypertension-induced gut dysbiosis is unclear.

Obesogenic polystyrene microplastic exposures disrupt the gut-liver-adipose axis.

Microplastics (MP) derived from the weathering of polymers, or synthesized in this size range, have become widespread environmental contaminants and have found their way into water supplies and the food chain. Despite this awareness, little is known about the health consequences of MP ingestion. We have previously shown that the consumption of polystyrene (PS) beads was associated with intestinal dysbiosis and diabetes and obesity in mice.

Diabetic Nephropathy and Gaseous Modulators.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains the leading cause of vascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. Despite the progress in understanding the diabetic disease process and advanced management of nephropathy, a number of patients still progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The underlying mechanism still needs to be clarified.

Temporal increase in the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma in Kentucky and factors associated with adverse outcomes.

Background: Anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) incidence in Kentucky is increasing at an alarming rate. In 2009, the incidence surpassed the US national average (2.66 vs.

Artificial intelligence-based multi-class histopathologic classification of kidney neoplasms.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques are increasingly being explored as an emerging ancillary technique for improving accuracy and reproducibility of histopathological diagnosis. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignancy responsible for 2% of cancer deaths worldwide. Given that RCC is a heterogenous disease, accurate histopathological classification is essential to separate aggressive subtypes from indolent ones and benign mimickers.

A deep learning framework for automated classification of histopathological kidney whole-slide images.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant kidney tumor and is responsible for 14,830 deaths per year in the United States. Among the four most common subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma has the worst prognosis and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma appears to have no malignant potential. Distinction between these two subtypes can be difficult due to morphologic overlap on examination of histopathological preparation stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

Infliximab-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a spectrum of pathology that can be classified by mechanism of injury or by type of observed hepatotoxicity. Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a group of acquired and genetic disorders that cause the destruction and disappearance of intrahepatic bile ducts, and cholestasis. VBDS typically presents with severe cholestatic hepatitis and can have immunoallergic features.

Comparing oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for oncocytic neoplasms, conventional oncocytoma, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Oncocytic neoplasms are renal tumors similar to oncocytoma, but their morphologic variations preclude definitive diagnosis. This somewhat confusing diagnosis can create treatment and surveillance challenges for the treating urologist. We hypothesize that these subtle morphologic variations do not drastically affect the malignant potential of these tumors, and we sought to demonstrate this by comparing clinical outcomes of oncocytic neoplasms to those of classic oncocytoma and chromophobe.

Diffuse Lewy Body Disease and Alzheimer Disease: Neuropathologic Phenotype Associated With the PSEN1 p.A396T Mutation.

In sporadic and dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease (AD), aggregation of both tau and α-synuclein may occur in neurons. Aggregates of either protein occur separately or coexist in the same neuron. It is not known whether the coaggregation of tau and α-synuclein in dominantly inherited AD occurs in association with specific mutations of the APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes.

Determining IDH-Mutational Status in Gliomas Using IDH1-R132H Antibody and Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Determination of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, presence or absence of mutation in IDH genes (IDH1 or IDH2), has become one of the most important molecular features taken into account in the management of patients with diffuse gliomas. Tumors that are IDH-mutant have a better prognosis than their counterparts with similar histologic grade and IDH-wildtype phenotype. IDH1-R132H is the most common IDH mutation, present in ~90% of IDH-mutant cases.

Cervical cancer metastasis to the brain: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Intracranial metastasis from cervical cancer is a rare occurrence.

Methods: In this study we describe a case of cervical cancer metastasis to the brain and perform an extensive review of literature from 1956 to 2016, to characterize clearly the clinical presentation, treatment options, molecular markers, targeted therapies, and survival of patients with this condition.

Results: An elderly woman with history of cervical cancer in remission, presented 2 years later with a right temporo-parietal tumor, which was treated with surgery and subsequent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the resection cavity.

Primary Cystic Trophoblastic Tumor of the Testis: A Study of 14 Cases.

Cystic trophoblastic tumor (CTT) has been described in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections of patients with testicular germ cell tumors. Prognostically, this lesion is similar to teratoma and no further treatment is required after surgery in the absence of other components. CTT has not, however, been reported in the testis.

Anatomic comparison of traditional and enucleation partial nephrectomy specimens.

Objective: To compare pseudocapsule (PC) properties of clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumors removed via both traditional partial nephrectomy (PNx) and enucleative techniques as well as quantify the difference in volume of normal renal parenchyma removed between groups.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of clear cell PNx specimens between 2011 and 2014 was performed. All patients undergoing tumor enucleation (TE) were included.

#InSituPathologists: how the #USCAP2015 meeting went viral on Twitter and founded the social media movement for the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology.

Professional medical conferences over the past five years have seen an enormous increase in the use of Twitter in real-time, also known as "live-tweeting". At the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP) 2015 annual meeting, 24 attendees (the authors) volunteered to participate in a live-tweet group, the #InSituPathologists. This group, along with other attendees, kept the world updated via Twitter about the happenings at the annual meeting.

Renal Cell Carcinoma With Chromosome 6p Amplification Including the TFEB Gene: A Novel Mechanism of Tumor Pathogenesis?

Amplification of chromosome 6p has been implicated in aggressive behavior in several cancers, but has not been characterized in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We identified 9 renal tumors with amplification of chromosome 6p including the TFEB gene, 3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and 6 from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Patients' ages were 28 to 78 years (median, 61 y).

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy: a multicenter experience.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided (EUS) liver biopsy (LB) is proposed as a newer method that offers several advantages over existing techniques for sampling liver tissue. This study evaluated the diagnostic yield of EUS-LB as the primary outcome measure. In addition, the safety of the technique in a large patient cohort was assessed.

Characteristics of the Peritumoral Pseudocapsule Vary Predictably With Histologic Subtype of T1 Renal Neoplasms.

Objective: To determine characteristics of the peritumoral pseudocapsule (PC) between renal tumor subtypes.

Methods: The peritumoral PCs of 160 pT1 renal tumors were examined, including 60 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 50 papillary RCCs, 25 chromophobe RCCs, and 25 oncocytoma. Pathologic features (presence or absence of PC, mean thickness, continuity, and invasion by tumor) were analyzed.

S2DIA: a diagnostic system for Diabetes mellitus using SANA platform.

Currently, Diabetes is a very common disease around the world, and with an increase in sedentary lifestyles, obesity and an aging population the number of people with Diabetes worldwide will increase by more than 50%. In this context, the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) developed the SANA platform, which brings the benefits of information technology to the field of healthcare. It offers healthcare delivery in remote areas, improves patient access to medical specialists for faster, higher quality, and more cost effective diagnosis and intervention.