Factors influencing transfusion reactions in paediatric patients: Active haemovigilance data from a children's hospital in India.

Background And Objectives: Because of inherent differences, reports on paediatric transfusion reactions are more heterogeneous than those seen in the adult population. In this study, we aimed to prospectively (active haemovigilance) study the incidence, clinical presentation and factors influencing transfusion reactions among paediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study in a teaching children's hospital from the public healthcare system in North India over 1 year.

Ultrasound-guided release of the fibro-osseous tunnels around the wrist and hand: A technical review.

Fibro-osseous tunnels allow the unhindered passage of the neurovascular bundle and sliding tendons across the mobile joint. Release of the fibro-osseous tunnels is performed for entrapment neuropathy and stenosing tenosynovitis which occur as a result of increase in the volume/pressure within these tunnels. The common surgical principle in all these pathologies is releasing the pressure by transecting the fascial covering.

Ultrasound-Guided Partial Release of Transverse Carpal Ligament in Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using a Curved Needle.

Ultrasound (US) is an excellent tool for diagnosis and management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Severe, recalcitrant CTS is an indication for complete release of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL). However, complete TCL release may be associated with postprocedural pillar pain.

Modified thermal modulation for safe radiofrequency ablation of spinal osteoid osteoma: a pilot study.

Purpose: In our pilot study, we modified the temperature and duration of radiofrequency ablation of spinal osteoid osteoma to minimize the risk of neural damage without compromising adequate ablation.

Methods: Seven patients were enrolled in this study after obtaining written informed consent. RFA was done in prone position under CT-guidance (256-slice Siemens Somatom scanner) under general anesthesia.

Seven Golden Steps for Performing Safe and Effective Percutaneous C-Arm-Guided Vertebral Intervention.

Percutaneous C-arm-guided diagnostic or therapeutic vertebral intervention has advantages of real-time monitoring of needle progression in vertebrae in craniocaudal or caudocranial angulation. To minimize the complications of nerve root or spinal cord damage, stepwise methodical intervention is pertinent. In this technical report, we demonstrate the seven golden steps for a safe and effective C-arm-guided vertebral intervention.

Assessment of neurovascular bundle involvement by an extremity sarcoma on MRI: a critical decision for sarcoma surgeon.

Bone or soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity represents a varied group of mesenchymal tumors, with an extensive range of histopathology, epidemiology, and anatomical involvement. Many of these tumors grow to involve the adjacent major neurovascular bundles, leading to a paradigm shift of management between limb salvage and limb amputation. MRI is the gold standard imaging modality for assessing neurovascular involvement, primarily on T2-weighted fat suppressed (T2 W FS) axial and T1-weighted (T1 W) axial sequences.

Aggressive bone tumours: what a radiologist can offer to the surgeon?

The management of aggressive bone tumours requires a multidisciplinary approach, with radiologists playing a central role alongside clinicians and pathologists. Radiologists contribute significantly to diagnosing benign and some aggressive tumours, although complex cases often need histopathological confirmation. Their expertise in tumour characterization and extension assessment is crucial for treatment planning.

Feedback based gas sensing setup for ppb to ppm level sensing.

Sensing and quantification of gas at low concentrations is of paramount importance, especially with highly flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen. Standard gas sensing setups have a limit of measuring ultra-low concentrations of few parts per billion unless the external gas cylinders are changed to ones with low concentrations. In this work, we describe a home-built resistance based gas sensing setup that can sense across a wide concentration range, from parts per billion to parts per million, accurately.

Clinical and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of typhoid fever in children in the era of antibiotic resistance.

Enteric fever remains a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries with further challenges from emerging antimicrobial resistance. Our prospective study evaluated the current clinical and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of enteric fever in 88 children and compared it to previously established literature. Enteric fever usually presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms, with predominant respiratory complaints.

Ultrasound-guided interventions in primary carpal tunnel syndrome: perineural injection to thread carpal tunnel release.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy, is compression of the median nerve deep to transverse carpal ligament at wrist. Ultrasonography and electrophysiological study are complementary in the diagnosis and grading of CTS in appropriate clinical settings. The initial management of patients with CTS is conservative with medical therapy and splinting.

Role of shear wave elastography in the diagnostic evaluation of plantar fasciitis: a prospective case-control study.

Objectives: To assess the advantage of the addition of shear wave elastography (SWE) to gray-scale sonography in the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis.

Methods: 30 subjects between 18-60 years of age with unilateral heel pain who were clinically suspected of having plantar fasciitis were included in this study. Their affected feet were taken as cases; while their contralateral feet served as controls.

Two Sides of the Same Coin: Tendoligamentous Similarities and Dissimilarities of Great Toe and Thumb Anatomy on MRI.

Evolution and functional necessities have compelled the great toe of the foot and its embryological kin, thumb, to have some tendoligamentous differences with a similar basic anatomical structure. This provides biomechanical advantage to these joints: the thumb is apposable and more mobile, ensuring hand dexterity and tool-handling, whereas the great toe is less mobile and more stable, ensuring weight bearing, strength, and stability for bipedal locomotion. This pictorial review will methodically illustrate the similarities and dissimilarities of the joint morphology and its tendoligamentous attachments at the level of carpometacarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, and interphalangeal joints of thumb compared with tarsometatarsal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint, and interphalangeal joints of great toe.

Disability and Mortality in Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children at 3 Months' Follow-Up: A Prospective Study from India.

 Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a common neurological emergency with high mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. There is a paucity of follow-up studies from developing nations in pediatric age group.  This article looks for clinico-etiological profile of CSE and estimates the immediate and short-term mortality in children with CSE and its predictive factors.

Percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma: Potential Pitfalls and complications and how to avoid them.

Targeted cannulation of the nidus and subsequent thermal ablation is the basis of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of osteoid osteoma, which is considered nowadays as the treatment of choice. The majority of complications during this procedure are due to thermal injury of adjacent structures. Specific measures as per the anatomical location of osteoid osteoma can avoid the majority of complications.

A New Zinc Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement: A Boon in Dentistry.

Background: Conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) has many beneficial properties, but it has poor physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, new glass ionomer cement (GIC) is manufactured by adding zinc to improve the mechanical properties of GIC ChemFil Rock. This material possesses better flexural tensile strength and compressive strength in comparison to conventional to CGIC.

Oral and Esophageal Cancer: Incidence, Prevalence and Correlation in General Indian Population: A retrospective Study.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent head-and-neck malignancy and chiefly encompasses malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, and larynx.

Objectives: The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and correlation of oral and esophageal cancer in the Indian population.

Materials And Methods: The present study was conducted on the basis of data collected from various government cancer hospitals in India.

The Efficacy of Commercially Available Herbal Dentifrices in Comparison with Conventional Dentifrices against Two Common Oral Microbes: An Study.

Background: Mechanical plaque removal is considered the gold standard for controlling and prevention of plaque and gingivitis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal dentifrices in comparison with conventional dentifrices against two of the common oral microbes, namely and .

Materials And Methods: To determine the antimicrobial properties of individual dentifrices, the zone of inhibition on the blood agar plates was measured and also disc diffusion method was used for testing the antibacterial properties for which a thin paper disc containing the antimicrobial agent was applied on a culture of bacteria grown on agar media.

Comparative analysis of CT guided vertebral biopsy by a conventional bone biopsy needle versus bone biopsy needle with acquisition cradle.

Background: We aimed to compare the rate of diagnostically successful vertebral biopsies using conventional bone biopsy needles versus those performed with bone biopsy needles with an acquisition cradle.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent CT-guided vertebral biopsy between December 2017 to December 2019 at our institute. From December 2017 to November 2018, the procedure was performed on 185 patients using an 11G conventional bone biopsy needle, Jamshidi needleTM "(group 1)".

Does Malaria Co-Infection Alter the Clinical Course in Children Infected with Dengue? Analysis from 623 Indian Children Admitted with Dengue Infection.

Background: Dengue and malaria co-infection has been reported in several case reports. We aim to study effect of malaria co-infection on clinical outcomes of dengue infection.

Methods: Records of 623 children with dengue infection, based on NS-1 antigen and IgM ELISA testing, were collected.

Autism-Associated Vigilin Depletion Impairs DNA Damage Repair.

Vigilin (Vgl1) is essential for heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mRNA stability and is associated with autism spectrum disorders and cancer: vigilin, for example, can suppress proto-oncogene c- expression in breast cancer. Conserved from yeast to humans, vigilin is an RNA-binding protein with 14 tandemly arranged nonidentical hnRNP K-type homology (KH) domains. Here, we report that vigilin depletion increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin- or ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell death and genomic instability due to defective DNA repair.