Stimulated Raman Histology and Artificial Intelligence Provide Near Real-Time Interpretation of Radical Prostatectomy Surgical Margins.

Purpose: Balancing surgical margins and functional outcomes is crucial during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel, real-time imaging technique that provides histologic images of fresh, unprocessed, and unstained tissue within minutes, which can be interpreted by either humans or artificial intelligence.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two participants underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) with intraoperative SRH surgical bed assessment.

Intraoperative margin assessment with near real time pathology during partial gland ablation of prostate cancer: A feasibility study.

Background: In-field or in-margin recurrence after partial gland cryosurgical ablation (PGCA) of prostate cancer (PCa) remains a limitation of the paradigm. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique allowing real time, label-free, high-resolution microscopic images of unprocessed, un-sectioned tissue which can be interpreted by humans or artificial intelligence (AI). We evaluated surgical team and AI interpretation of SRH for real-time pathologic feedback in the planning and treatment of PCa with PGCA.

Hematospermia in a Transgender Woman with Evidence for Endometrial Tissue in the Prostate.

Background/objective: The frequency of hematospermia in transgender women is unknown. This report aimed to describe the development of hematospermia in a transgender woman.

Case Report: A 35-year-old transgender woman treated with estradiol valerate and leuprolide presented with painless rust-tinged ejaculate, urethral bleeding after ejaculation, and intermittent hematuria.

Stimulated Raman histology, a novel method to allow for rapid pathologic examination of unprocessed, fresh prostate biopsies.

Introduction: Delay between targeted prostate biopsy (PB) and pathologic diagnosis can lead to a concern of inadequate sampling and repeated biopsy. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique allowing real-time, label-free, high-resolution microscopic images of unprocessed, unsectioned tissue. This technology holds potential to decrease the time for PB diagnosis from days to minutes.

Malignant lymphoma of the lower urinary tract: A single institutional experience.

Lymphoma of the urinary tract is relatively rare and comprises of < 5% of all primary extra nodal lymphoma. Diagnoses of these lesions at anearly stage is important as they can disseminate or transform into high grade lesion if there is a delay in the diagnoses. There are only few case series and case reports on the malignant lymphoma of the urinary tract.

Optimal Method for Reporting Prostate Cancer Grade in MRI-targeted Biopsies.

When multiple cores are biopsied from a single magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted lesion, Gleason grade may be assigned for each core separately or for all cores of the lesion in aggregate. Because of the potential for disparate grades, an optimal method for pathology reporting MRI lesion grade awaits validation. We examined our institutional experience on the concordance of biopsy grade with subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP) grade of targeted lesions when grade is determined on individual versus aggregate core basis.

Clinical and Intestinal Histopathological Findings in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients with Hematochezia.

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in the form of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are usually preceded by respiratory manifestations and are associated with a poor prognosis. Hematochezia is an uncommon clinical presentation of COVID-19, and we hypothesize that older patients with significant comorbidities (obesity and cardiovascular) and prolonged hospitalization are susceptible to ischemic injury to the bowel. We reviewed the clinical course, key laboratory data including acute-phase reactants, and drug/medication history in 2 elderly male patients admitted for COVID-19 respiratory failure.

SATB2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific marker of appendiceal and rectosigmoid well differentiated neuroendocrine tumours.

Aims: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NNs) range from well to poorly differentiated and indolent to highly aggressive. The site of origin in metastatic NNs has therapeutic and prognostic implications. SATB2 is a transcriptional regulator involved in osteoblastic and neuronal differentiation and is a sensitive and specific marker of colorectal epithelium.

Utility of the Medtronic microvascular plug™ as a transcatheter implantable and explantable pulmonary artery flow restrictor in a swine model.

Background: A surgical pulmonary artery band (PAB) is used to control excessive pulmonary blood flow for certain congenital heart diseases. Previous attempts have been made to develop a transcatheter, implantable pulmonary flow restrictor (PFR) without great success. We modified a microvascular plug (MVP) to be used as a PFR.

Can tumor-associated macrophages in ductal carcinoma in situ on biopsy predict invasive carcinoma on excision?

Recent trials have explored surveillance of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) without complete excision, but it is difficult to fully exclude an associated, unsampled invasive focus. Tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages, may play a role in the transition from in situ to invasive carcinoma, and the presence of CD163-positive cells with DCIS has been associated with increased risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the role of DCIS-associated CD163-positive cells on biopsy in predicting associated invasion on excision.

The Comparative Sensitivity of Immunohistochemical Markers of Megakaryocytic Differentiation in Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia.

Objectives: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of core biopsy sections often plays an essential role in the diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). The goal of this study was to define the relative sensitivities of commonly used stains for markers of megakaryocytic differentiation.

Methods: The sensitivities of IHC stains for CD42b, CD61, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were compared in 32 cases of pediatric AMKL.

Effect of thyroid hormone on cardiac function following orthotopic heart transplantation in piglets.

Studies in adult HT have demonstrated improved cardiac function in the recipient following administration of T3 to the donor. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effects of T3 on the function of the immature donor heart following HT in a piglet model. A total of 32 piglets were divided into 16 donors and 16 recipients.

Acute and long-term effects of endovascular debanding of pulmonary arteries in a swine model.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate that pulmonary artery (PA) debanding via cardiac catheterization using balloon angioplasty is feasible and safe in swine. The secondary objectives were to determine the acute and long-term effects of this therapy.

Design: This is a chronic survival experimental study in newborn swine.

Feasibility and Safety of Unzipping Small Diameter Stents in the Blood Vessels of Piglets.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the feasibility and safety of unzipping small-diameter stents (SDS) in a growing animal model.

Background: SDS implanted to relieve stenosis of blood vessels in infants may result in refractory stenosis as the child grows. If stents can be longitudinally fractured-unzipped-then the target vessel can potentially be redilated to the eventual adult vessel diameter.