Enhanced monofocal versus conventional monofocal intraocular lenses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of enhanced monofocal (EM) versus conventional monofocal (CM) intraocular lenses (IOLs) in senile cataract surgery, focusing on uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) and secondary outcomes.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on March 8, 2024.

Multi-Comparison of Different Ocular Imaging Modality-based Deep Learning Models for Visually Significant Cataract Detection.

Purpose: Age-related cataract is the leading cause of vision impairment. Researchers have utilized various imaging modalities, including slit beam, diffuse anterior segment, and retinal imaging, to develop deep learning (DL) algorithms for automated cataract analysis. However, the comparative performance of these algorithms across different ocular imaging modalities remains unevaluated, mainly due to the absence of standardized test sets across studies.

Ophthalmological Question Answering and Reasoning Using OpenAI o1 vs Other Large Language Models.

Importance: OpenAI's recent large language model (LLM) o1 has dedicated reasoning capabilities, but it remains untested in specialized medical fields like ophthalmology. Evaluating o1 in ophthalmology is crucial to determine whether its general reasoning can meet specialized needs or if domain-specific LLMs are warranted.

Objective: To assess the performance and reasoning ability of OpenAI's o1 compared with other LLMs on ophthalmological questions.

A Comparative Validation Study of Near Visual Acuity Assessment Using Different Handheld Acuity Charts.

Objective: To develop a conversion table and compare the cross-validity of 3 types of widely utilized near vision charts: the ETDRS near chart, the N-notation chart, and the Rosenbaum chart.

Design: A prospective, cross-sectional, comparative validation study.

Participants: Aged ≥40 years.

Can OpenAI's New o1 Model Outperform Its Predecessors in Common Eye Care Queries?

Objective: The newly launched OpenAI o1 is said to offer improved reasoning, potentially providing higher quality responses to eye care queries. However, its performance remains unassessed. We evaluated the performance of o1, ChatGPT-4o, and ChatGPT-4 in addressing ophthalmic-related queries, focusing on correctness, completeness, and readability.

Can off-the-shelf visual large language models detect and diagnose ocular diseases from retinal photographs?

Background: The advent of generative artificial intelligence has led to the emergence of multiple vision large language models (VLLMs). This study aimed to evaluate the capabilities of commonly available VLLMs, such as OpenAI's GPT-4V and Google's Gemini, in detecting and diagnosing ocular diseases from retinal images.

Methods And Analysis: From the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) study, we selected 44 representative retinal photographs, including 10 healthy and 34 representing six eye diseases (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, visually significant cataract, myopic macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion).

Monovision versus multifocality for presbyopia during primary phacoemulsification: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) focuses on comparing monovision and bilateral multifocal lenses (bMFIOL) implantation methods in treating presbyopia, a common age-related condition often seen in post-cataract surgery patients. This review focuses on evaluating the efficacy, user satisfaction and limitations of these two approaches through direct or indirect comparison. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library, considering studies up to 15 July 2022, with direct or indirect comparisons between any monovision and bMFIOL implantation with bilateral cataract surgery.

Ocular image-based deep learning for predicting refractive error: A systematic review.

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide and its increasing prevalent necessitates effective screening and management strategies. Meanwhile, deep learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, has significantly advanced ophthalmological diagnostics by automating tasks that required extensive clinical expertise. Although recent studies have investigated the use of deep learning models for refractive power detection through various imaging techniques, a comprehensive systematic review on this topic is has yet be done.

A survey exploring ophthalmologists' attitudes and beliefs in performing immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in Singapore.

Background: To evaluate current practice patterns of Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) by ophthalmologists in Singapore and assess their attitudes towards performing ISBCS in future cataract care.

Methods: An anonymised electronic survey, modified to local context from a similar study conducted in the United Kingdom, was distributed to members of the College of Ophthalmologists, Academy of Medicine, Singapore, from 20 June to 1 September 2023. An initial screening question on prior experience with ISBCS directed the rest of the survey.

Volumetric computed tomography measurements as predictors for outcomes in a cohort of Fournier's gangrene patients.

Purpose: This study evaluates the prognostic value of CT findings, including volumetric measurements, in predicting outcomes for patients with Fournier gangrene (FG), focusing on mortality, ICU admission, hospital stay length, and healthcare costs.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 38 FG patients who underwent CT scans before surgical debridement. We analyzed demographic data, CT volumetric measurements, and clinical outcomes using logistic and linear regression models.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery for complex cataracts - A review.

Since its inception in 2009, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has become an alternative to conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery (CPCS). Clinical studies were unable to demonstrate superior visual outcomes, but revealed reduced endothelial cell loss. More recently, the cost-effectiveness of FLACS over CPCS in routine cataract surgeries has been challenged.

Association between sleep and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: There is a scarcity of literature focusing on sleep's impact on myopia in children despite an epidemic rise of myopia among the age group and the importance of early prevention. As such, this systematic review-meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between various aspects of sleep and myopia in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on 08/12/2022 for studies reporting sleep in relation to myopia among children and adolescents.

Popular large language model chatbots' accuracy, comprehensiveness, and self-awareness in answering ocular symptom queries.

In light of growing interest in using emerging large language models (LLMs) for self-diagnosis, we systematically assessed the performance of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google Bard in delivering proficient responses to 37 common inquiries regarding ocular symptoms.

Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials-Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms.

Three-dimensionally printed phantoms are increasingly used in medical imaging and research due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability, offering valuable alternatives to commercial phantoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) attenuation characteristics of 27 resin materials from Formlabs, a 3D printing equipment and materials manufacturer. Cube phantoms (both solid and hollow constructions) produced with each resin were subjected to CT scanning under varying tube current-time products with attenuation measurements recorded in Hounsfield units (HU).

Preoperative computed tomography in Fournier's gangrene does not delay time to surgery.

Purpose: Fournier's gangrene (FG), a rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection of the external genitalia and perineum, necessitates urgent surgical debridement. The time to surgery effect of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in managing this condition is yet to be fully explored. The purpose of this study was to assess whether obtaining a preoperative CT in patients with FG impacts the time to surgical intervention.

Axial length elongation profiles from 3 to 6 years in an Asian paediatric population: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort study (GUSTO).

Aims: To determine axial length (AL) elongation profiles in children aged 3-6 years in an Asian population.

Methods: Eligible subjects were recruited from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes birth cohort. AL measurement was performed using IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) at 3 and 6 years.

Analysis of Superficial Subcutaneous Fat Camper's and Scarpa's Fascia in a United States Cohort.

Together, the Camper's and Scarpa's fasciae form the superficial fat layer of the abdominal wall. Though they have clinical and surgical relevance, little is known about their role in body composition across diverse patient populations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient characteristics, including sex and body mass index, and the distribution of Camper's and Scarpa's fascial layers in the abdominal wall.

A data-driven approach to evaluate factors affecting resident performance in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the operative duration and clinical performance of ophthalmology residents performing standard phacoemulsification cataract surgeries using information available from electronic health records (EHR).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. De-identified surgical records of all standard phacoemulsifications performed in a tertiary institution between 1st January 2015 and 8th August 2018 were retrieved from the hospital EHR.