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Hepatitis C screening and detection program in a large population: Epidemiological transition and characterization of the disease.

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is considered an important public health challenge. Traditionally identified risk factors have undergone an epidemiological transition where other risk factors have become the main cause of new infections.

Objective: To describe risk factors associated to hepatitis C positivity through the evaluation of the epidemiological profile in hepatitis-C high-risk populations.

Cost-effectiveness and economic investment to eliminate chronic hepatitis C in Mexico.

In July 2020, the Mexican Government initiated the National Program for Elimination of Hepatitis C (HCV) under a procurement agreement, securing universal, free access to HCV screening, diagnosis and treatment for 2020-2022. This analysis quantifies the clinical and economic burden of HCV (MXN) under a continuation (or end) to the agreement. A modelling and Delphi approach was used to evaluate the disease burden (2020-2030) and economic impact (2020-2035) of the Historical Base compared to Elimination, assuming the agreement continues (Elimination-Agreement to 2035) or terminates (Elimination-Agreement to 2022).

Liver transplantation is beneficial regardless of cirrhosis stage or acute-on-chronic liver failure grade: A single-center experience.

Background: Liver transplantation for the most critically ill remains controversial; however, it is currently the only curative treatment option.

Aim: To assess immediate posttransplant outcomes and compare the short (1 year) and long-term (6 years) posttransplant survival among cirrhotic patients stratified by disease severity.

Methods: We included cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation between 2015 and 2019 and categorized them into compensated cirrhosis (CC), decompensated cirrhosis (DC), and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).

Probability of hospitalisation and death among COVID-19 patients with comorbidity during outbreaks occurring in Mexico City.

Background: We compared the probability of hospitalization and death caused by COVID-19 in patients with comorbidities during three periods defined for this study: first-wave (FW), interwave period (IP), and second-wave (SW) observed in Mexico City.

Methods: In this registry-based study, we included individuals over 20 years of age. During the FW (symptomatic), the IP, and the SW (symptomatic and asymptomatic), participants were diagnosed using nasopharyngeal swabs.

Galectin-3 is overexpressed in advanced cirrhosis and predicts post-liver transplant infectious complications.

Background & Aims: Patients with advanced cirrhosis often have immune dysfunction and are more susceptible to infections. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin implicated in inflammation, immune regulation and liver fibrosis. We aim to investigate galectin-3 expression in advanced cirrhosis and its ability to predict post-transplant infectious complications.

Time-Dependent Changes of Laboratory Parameters as Independent Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.

Independent predictors of mortality for COVID-19 patients have been identified upon hospital admission; however, how they behave after hospitalization remains unknown. The aim of this study is to identify clinical and laboratory parameters from admission to discharge or death that distinguish survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19, including those with independent ability to predict mortality. In a cohort of 266 adult patients, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed from admission and throughout hospital stay until discharge or death.

Galectin-3 as a potential prognostic biomarker of severe COVID-19 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Severe COVID-19 is associated with a systemic hyperinflammatory response leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, and death. Galectin-3 is a ß-galactoside binding lectin known to drive neutrophil infiltration and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to airway inflammation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential of galectin-3 as a biomarker of severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Prevalence of hepatitis C in the adult Mexican population: National Survey of Health and Nutrition 2018.

Background: Hepatitis C is a preventable and treatable disease that has been declared a public health problem. In 2012, the prevalence of HCV serum anti-bodies in the Mexican adult population aged 20 to 49 years was 0·30%.

Methods: We randomly selected a probabilistic sub-sample of 12,389 adults (20+ years) from adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2018 who provided a venous blood sample.

The Evolutionary Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.519 and Its Clinical Impact in Mexico City.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the most concerning health problems around the globe. We reported the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.

Prevalence and predictors of elevated liver enzyme levels in Mexico: The Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2016.

Introduction And Objective: To determine the prevalence of elevated liver enzyme levels and the fatty liver index according to specific sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic risk factors in Mexican adult population.

Material And Methods: The present analysis was conducted using data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. For the present study, 3,490 adults with complete information on liver enzymes, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic factors were analyzed.

Production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases during liver fibrosis progression of chronic hepatitis C patients.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in the degradation of extracellular matrix compounds, maintaining the homeostasis between fibrogenesis and fibrolytic processes in the liver. However, there are few studies on the regulation of liver MMPs in fibrosis progression in humans.

Aim: To assess the production activity and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Direct or Collateral Liver Damage in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients.

Liver injury can result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with more than one-third of COVID-19 patients exhibiting elevated liver enzymes. Microvesicular steatosis, inflammation, vascular congestion, and thrombosis in the liver have been described in autopsy samples from COVID-19 patients. Several factors, including direct cytopathic effect of the virus, immune-mediated collateral damage, or an exacerbation of preexisting liver disease may contribute to liver pathology in COVID-19.

Differential production of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in liver fibrosis progression.

Noninvasive methods for liver disease diagnoses offer great advantages over biopsy, but they cannot be utilized in all cases. Therefore, specific indicators for chronic liver disease management are necessary. The aim was to assess the production of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-7 and their correlation with the different stages of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Young adult binge drinkers have immunophenotypical disarrangements in peripheral natural killer cells.

Alcohol consumption is an issue of worldwide relevance and a problem of national scale in Mexico. The consumption pattern of large amounts of alcohol on the weekends is rapidly increasing in young adults between 18 and 29 years. Despite various studies that have focused on the noxious effect of alcohol in immunity, the changes in the immunoprofiles of peripheral blood cells have not been completely described.

Interaction of Breast Cancer and Insulin Resistance on PD1 and TIM3 Expression in Peripheral Blood CD8 T Cells.

Epidemiological evidence points to a link between insulin resistance (IR) and breast cancer (BrCA). Insulin plays a role in CD8+ T cells (CD8T) differentiation and function and affects adipocytokines levels. CD8T activity in BrCA is associated with favorable outcome; while PD1 and TIM3 are markers of CD8T exhaustion and play critical roles in the negative regulation of T cell responses.

Prolactin Induces IL-2 Associated TRAIL Expression on Natural Killer Cells from Chronic Hepatitis C Patients and .

Background: Natural killer cells (NKC) are a major component of the innate immune response to HCV, mediating their effects through TRAIL and IFN-γ. However, their function is diminished in chronic HCV patients (HCVp). Prolactin is an immunomodulatory hormone capable of activating NKC.

[A front-of-pack labelling system for food and beverages for Mexico: a strategy of healthy decision-making.].

The Mexican Ministry of Health requested the National Institute of Public Health to constitute a group of independent, free of conflict-of-interest academic experts on front-of-pack labelling (FOP). This group was instructed to created a positioning paper to contribute to the development of a FOP system for industrialized products that offers useful information for purchase decision making. This position paper uses the best available scientific evidence, and recommendations from experts of international organizations.

Heading Toward the Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus.

Chronic hepatitis C is often asymptomatic and may progress over the years to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the prevalence and incident cases are decreasing, the peak mortality of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related complications is ahead of us in most countries. The economic impact of this burden is enormous.

The Expression of PNPLA3 Polymorphism could be the Key for Severe Liver Disease in NAFLD in Hispanic Population.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses: fatty liver (SS), steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis and cirrhosis. Patatine-like phosphatas in domain 3 (PNPLA3; adiponutrin; SNP rs738409 C/G, M148I) shows anabolic and catabolic activities on lipid metabolism and significant association to fatty liver content; however, I148M demographics and ethnics, as its role with NAFLD have not been fully elucidated.

Material And Methods: PNPLA3 genotyping from peripheral blood DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing, 211 patients diagnosed with NAFLD including SS, NASH and fibrosis spectrum.