Coupled, decoupled, and abrupt responses of vegetation to climate across timescales.

Climate and ecosystem dynamics vary across timescales, but research into climate-driven vegetation dynamics usually focuses on singular timescales. We developed a spectral analysis-based approach that provides detailed estimates of the timescales at which vegetation tracks climate change, from 10 to 10 years. We report dynamic similarity of vegetation and climate even at centennial frequencies (149 to 18,012 year, that is, one cycle per 149 to 18,012 years).

Legacies of millennial-scale climate oscillations in contemporary biodiversity in eastern North America.

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has caused significant climate changes over the past 90 000 years. Prior work has hypothesized that these millennial-scale climate variations effected past and contemporary biodiversity, but the effects are understudied. Moreover, few biogeographic models have accounted for uncertainties in palaeoclimatic simulations of millennial-scale variability.