Follow-up hearing screening for at-risk infants.

Objective: This study aims to determine the percentage of infants with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay >5 days and passed newborn hearing screening (NBHS) who complete recommended audiology follow-up and who have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) detected on rescreen by 9 months of age.

Methods: A chart review was conducted of patients at a tertiary children's hospital born July 2020 to August 2023. Patients with NICU stay >5 days and completed NBHS were included (n = 929).

Pectoralis Major Flaps for Sternal Reconstruction: Multidisciplinary Considerations and Patient Outcomes.

Background: Sternal wounds following cardiothoracic surgery are a challenging surgical problem, and pectoralis muscle flaps are a mainstay for reconstruction. Multiple variations of this strategy exist, and this study seeks to characterize key decision factors and patient outcomes to increase accessibility of this technique to surgeons.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of adult sternal wound patients at a tertiary referral center between 2010-2020.

Extensive Primary Thinning of the Free Functional Gracilis Flap is Safe and Does Not Compromise Functional Outcomes in Dynamic Smile Reconstruction.

Facial reanimation surgery using a free functional gracilis muscle transfer is the standard of care in long-standing facial paralysis. Surgical revision rates are high, with most directed toward flap debulking and improving contour. During the index surgery, the muscle can be thinned extensively to potentially avoid revisions, but there is concern for injuring the neurovascular pedicle or weakening contractility.

Intelligence Quotient Testing in Children With Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Evaluate intelligence quotient (IQ) scores among children with bilateral hearing loss (HL) pre- and post-cochlear implantation (CI) and compared with normative means.

Databases Reviewed: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases searched until December 2021.

Methods: Studies of patients 1) 18 years or younger (2) with bilateral sensorineural HL diagnosis who underwent CI, and (3) with ≥1 specific IQ score post-CI were included.

Opioid Analgesia Following Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of nonopioid versus opioid pain management following adenotonsillectomy (AT) among pediatric patients.

Study Design: An open-label randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Randomized clinical trial of non-opioid pain medications after intracapsular adenotonsillectomy.

Background: Our purpose was to determine if non-opioid pain control is safe and effective in the treatment of pain following intracapsular adenotonsillectomy (T&A).

Methods: A randomized, open-label, controlled trial of children ages 3-17 undergoing intracapsular T&A was conducted at a tertiary children's hospital April 2021-May 2023. Exclusions were concomitant procedures, Down syndrome, coagulopathy, craniofacial anomalies, and current opioid use.

Hearing Preservation Techniques in Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Preserving residual hearing following cochlear implantation (CI) improves outcomes and allows patients to use electrical and acoustic stimulation. Hearing preservation and minimizing intracochlear trauma during implantation have become key areas of research and device development in recent years. This meta-analysis evaluated whether patient characteristics or surgical methodology impact hearing preservation postpediatric CI.

Hearing following total ossicular chain reconstruction prosthesis with and without footplate shoe prosthesis.

Purpose: To examine the audiometric outcomes of a footplate shoe (FPS) in total ossicular chain reconstruction prostheses (TORP) compared to TORP without shoe.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent TORP from 2010 to 2021 at a tertiary children's hospital. Patients without audiograms or unknown FPS status were excluded.

Brief Ectopic Banking and Immediate Plate Fixation With Free Omental Flap Addresses Multiple Fundamental Problems for Single-Stage Replant of Transhumeral Amputation.

High-velocity traumatic amputations of the proximal upper extremity are devastating to the patient and represent an extreme surgical challenge to the treatment team. The hand surgeon must simultaneously battle devascularization with timely microvascular anastomosis, gross contamination with meticulous debridement, and amputation with stable fixation. In restoring a functional extremity, many of these goals are in contention with each other.

Is imaging necessary in pediatric patients with isolated tinnitus?

Objectives: Tinnitus is a common otologic complaint which can range from bothersome to debilitating. Imaging is frequently utilized to rule out tumors, fractures, and other causes but can also cause significant medical and economic burden for patients. Furthermore, the pediatric population may require sedation for imaging.

Three Parameters Impact the Perception of Smile Asymmetry in Patients with Facial Paralysis.

The ability to smile is impaired in patients with facial palsy, and objective parameters assessing smile symmetry to guide treatment are not well elucidated. This study seeks to identify objective facial measurements that relate smile recognition, perception of smile asymmetry, and perceived emotions from photographs of individuals with asymmetrical smiles compared with control photographs of individuals without smile asymmetry as measured by a photograph analysis application. Fifty-six photographs of smiles were categorized using objective perioral morphometric measurements (Emotrics).

Outcomes in Pediatric Cholesteatoma.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the outcomes of surgical management options for cholesteatoma using a national database.

Study Design: Database analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System database to identify children undergoing surgical intervention for cholesteatoma from October 2015 to December 2022.

Methods: Patients were categorized by initial surgical modality: tympanoplasty (TM), tympanoplasty with canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy (TM-CWU), and tympanoplasty with canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy (TM-CWD).

Peripheral Nerve Injury After Deoxycholic Acid (ATX-101) Injection in an Experimental Rat Model.

Background: Deoxycholic acid (ATX-101) is a drug administered by subcutaneous injection for local fat reduction. However, ATX-101 treatment has been reported to cause marginal mandibular nerve injury with noticeable functional deficits when targeting submental fat. As a cytolytic agent with some selectivity for adipocytes, ATX-101 may damage the lipid-rich myelin surrounding peripheral nerves.

The Impact of Area Deprivation Index, Geography, and Mechanism on Incidence of Ballistic Injury to the Upper Extremity.

Introduction: This study investigates the intersection of ballistic injuries, geography, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI). We hypothesized that both ADI and geography are correlated with incidence of upper extremity ballistic injuries. Further, we characterize and compare 2 distinct upper extremity gunshot injury populations presenting to our institution: those sustaining violent ballistic injuries and those who suffer an accidental, self-inflicted injury.

Management of Cholesteatoma: Surgical Options for Disease Limited to Middle Ear/Mastoid.

Surgery remains the mainstay of cholesteatoma management. Through advancement in technique and technology, the available surgical approaches have expanded to include not only the traditional procedures, but also endoscopic procedures, canal wall reconstruction procedures, mastoid obliteration, and retrograde mastoidotomy. Selection of management technique will depend on disease characteristics, patient factors, and surgeon preference.

Lung ILC2s are activated in BALB/c mice born to immunized mothers despite complete protection against respiratory syncytial virus.

Activated lung ILC2s produce large quantities of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production following respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV). The current understanding of ILC2 activation during RSV infection, is that ILC2s are activated by alarmins, including IL-33, released from airway epithelial cells in response to viral-mediated damage. Thus, high levels of RSV neutralizing maternal antibody generated from maternal immunization would be expected to reduce IL-33 production and mitigate ILC2 activation.

Degrees of Inflammation in the Treatment of Subglottic Stenosis in a Rabbit Model: Histopathological Assessment of a Novel Bioabsorbable Ultra-high Ductility Magnesium Alloy Stent.

Objective: Utilizing a novel histopathological scoring system and subglottic stenosis (SGS) rabbit model, we aimed to compare degrees of inflammation and severity of narrowing in the subglottis between two minimally invasive therapeutic modalities: endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) alone versus EBD with placement of a bioabsorbable ultra-high ductility magnesium (UHD-Mg) alloy stent.

Methods: SGS was induced endoscopically via microsuspension laryngoscopy in 23 New Zealand white rabbits. The control group (n = 11) underwent EBD alone, the study arm (n = 12) underwent EBD with implantation of bioabsorbable UHD-Mg alloy stents.

Resource Utilization and Risk Factors for Esophageal Injury in Pediatric Esophageal Foreign Bodies.

Objective: While management protocols of pediatric esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) are well-delineated, resource utilization can be improved. This study's objectives were to explore hospital charges/costs for pediatric patients who present with EFBs and to identify patient risk factors associated with esophageal injury.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing aerodigestive foreign body removal at a tertiary-care children's hospital from 2018 to 2021 was conducted.

Escalating Surgical Treatment for Left Ventricular Assist Device Infection and Expected Mortality: Clinical Risk Prediction Score.

Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) improve survival for patients with cardiac failure, but LVAD-specific infection (VSI) remains a challenge with poorly understood predictive risk factors. The indications and use of escalating medical treatment to surgical debridement and potential flap reconstruction are not well characterized.

Study Design: A retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing primary LVAD implantation at a tertiary academic center was performed.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Outcomes From the ValEAR Trial.

Objective: To determine the positivity rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) testing among universal, hearing-targeted CMV testing (HT-cCMV) and delayed targeted dried blood spot (DBS) testing newborn screening programs, and to examine the characteristics of successful HT-cCMV testing programs.

Study Design: Prospective survey of birth hospitals performing early CMV testing.

Setting: Multiple institutions.

Intelligence quotient testing in children with hearing loss: A systematic review.

Objective: The objective of the current study is to perform a systematic review of the research literature to evaluate the impact of hearing loss on intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in pediatric patients.

Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from their inception up to December 21st, 2021.

Review Methods: Studies evaluating neurocognitive testing and hearing loss in children aged 21 years old or younger who had not undergone auditory rehabilitation were included in the study.