Pallidothalamic Tractotomy after Pallidotomy for Medication-Refractory Dystonia: Preliminary Short-Term Results from a Case Series of Five Patients.

Background: There is limited data regarding the role of pallidothalamic tract (PTT) lesioning after failure of pallidotomy.

Objectives: To report the role of unilateral PTT lesioning in refractory generalized dystonia following bilateral pallidotomy and hemi-dystonia following unilateral pallidotomy.

Methods: A single-center retrospective case series.

Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Sensori-Motor Integration in Movement Disorders: A Scoping Review.

The primary effect of Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is to cause weakness in the injected muscles by inhibiting the release of acetyl choline from presynaptic nerve terminals. Its effect on sensorimotor integration (SMI) has largely been confined to small studies. The aim of this review is to highlight effect of BoNT on SMI in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD), Cervical dystonia (CD), and Writer's cramp (WC).

Reusable Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Quinolines to Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines.

A Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL)-catalyzed one-pot tandem reduction of quinoline to tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) followed by reductive alkylation by the aldehyde has been demonstrated under mild reaction conditions with a shorter reaction time. This step-economical synthetic approach is suitable for late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules. The reaction is highly chemoselective and tolerates a wide range of reducible-sensitive functional groups.

Polysomnographic correlates of self-and caregiver-reported sleep problems in post-stroke patients.

Background: Post-stroke sleep disorders (PSSD) are under-reported and under-treated, despite their impact on recovery, quality of life, and post-stroke depression. Although polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosis, its limited availability leads to underdiagnosis.

Aims: To assess the prevalence of PSSD based on patient- and caregiver-reported data, and to evaluate their concordance with findings from overnight PSG in post-stroke patients.

Triple role of boronic acid as a catalyst in the alkylation of quinoline to functionalized tetrahydroquinoline.

The triple role of arylboronic acid as a catalyst in the alkylation of quinoline to -substituted tetrahydroquinoline with a diaryl motif at the C6-position has been developed. This reaction involves the tandem reduction of quinoline to tetrahydroquinoline, followed by reductive -alkylation with aldehyde to form -alkylated tetrahydroquinoline and subsequent regioselective alkylation at the C6-position using -quinone methides (-QMs) in a one-pot operation. The methodology is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups and is also useful in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.

Triplet Excited Nitroarene Converts Aryl Alkynes to Ketones by Deleting a Carbon Atom.

In this study, triplet excited nitroarenes were used to convert internal alkynes to ketone fragments through simultaneous oxygen insertion and carbon deletion. The approach was effective across 33 diverse substrates, compatible with various functional groups, and applicable to bioactive molecule derivatives and large-scale synthesis. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed the role of visible light in exciting nitroarenes, while mechanistic experiments identified ketene and nitrosoarene as key intermediates, with the deleted carbon released as CO and CO.

Electronic Structure Modulation in GeTe by Hg and Sb Codoping Leads to High Thermoelectric Performance.

Electronic band convergence and the introduction of doping-induced midgap states near the Fermi level offer a compelling mechanism for modulating the electronic structure to achieve high thermoelectric performance. Germanium telluride (GeTe), with its unique crystal and electronic structure, holds great promise for thermoelectric (TE) power generation. However, a high p-type carrier concentration coupled with high lattice thermal conductivity limits its TE performance.

A New Face of Neuro-Sjögren's Syndrome: Case Series.

Neurological manifestations can precede the sicca symptoms in Sjögren's syndrome. These patients may develop systemic features of Sjögren's syndrome in the future. In such patients, early diagnosis and management can avoid morbidity.

Reductive alkylation of azoarenes to -alkylated hydrazines enabled by hexafluoroisopropanol.

A one-pot tandem approach to -alkyl-,'-diarylhydrazines was developed using a sequence of reduction of azoarene to hydrazoarene followed by reductive alkylation by an aldehyde. The mild reaction conditions suppress - cleaved products and selectively provide trisubstituted hydrazine derivatives. The mechanistic study demonstrates that the iminium formation step is likely to be the rate-limiting step.

Arylboronic Acid Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Azoarenes to N-Alkylated Hydrazines.

Hydrazine derivatives are generally difficult to prepare despite their appealing structural simplicity. The synthetic challenge may arise from either the similar reactivity or the relatively low activity of the two nitrogen atoms in a hydrazine precursor. The former would lead to severe selectivity issues while the latter would require harsh reaction conditions.

Ligand-Enabled Palladium-Catalyzed β-C(sp)-H Biarylation of Native Amides with Cyclic Diaryliodonium Salts.

Herein, we report a Pd-catalyzed β-C(sp)-H biarylation of native amides using diaryliodonium salts. A pyridine-3-sulfonic acid ligand that might stabilize the substrate-bound palladium species was found to be essential for high catalytic activity. The reaction displayed a broad scope and showed excellent compatibility with diverse cyclic diaryliodonium salts and amide substrates.

Glassy Thermal Transport Triggers Ultra-High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe.

The consequences of broken long-range atomic arrangement in glasses or amorphous solids are reflected in the temperature dependence of lattice thermal conductivity (κ). However, the appearance of glassy ultralow κ in a crystalline solid with high electrical transport like metal is unusual but can have a remarkable impact on the thermoelectric performance of a material. Here, an ultra-high thermoelectric performance is demonstrated with a maximum figure of merit, zT ≈ 2.

Synthesis of π-Extended Imidazo[1,2-]quinolines via Carboxylic Acid-Assisted Ru(II)-Catalyzed Dual C-H Activation and Alkyne Annulation.

Ru(II)-catalyzed, carboxylic acid-assisted oxidative annulation of -aryl azoles with alkynes via double C-H activation to produce highly functionalized π-extended imidazo[1,2-]quinolines is reported. The reaction features a broad substrate generality and tolerates various biologically relevant scaffolds. Interestingly, annulated products showed strong fluorescence properties and an AgIE effect and exhibited a selective fluorescent response toward the Cu ion.

Cyclometalated Ruthenium-Complex-Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Olefins to Carbonyls.

Cyclometalated ruthenium(II)-complex-catalyzed selective oxidative scission of olefins to carbonyls is described. A strong C-donor ligand, paired with a rigid backbone and redox activity of ruthenium, provided high catalytic activity and a long lifetime for olefin oxidation. The catalyst tolerates numerous functional groups and applies to challenging biomass-, natural-product-, sugar-, amino-acid-, and fatty-acid-derived substrates.

Parts-Per-Million Level Loading Cyclometalated Ru(II)-NHC Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Olefins to Carbonyls.

Oxidative cleavage of olefins is a useful reaction in organic synthesis. The most well-known catalytic system is the osmium based Lemieux-Johnson catalyst, which generally requires high catalyst loading and tends to suffer from rapid overoxidation to produce the acid predominantly. Hence, the development of a mild, general, and selective method toward the oxidative cleavage of alkenes to carbonyl compounds is highly desired.

High Performance and Selective Sequestration of Cd(II) from Water by Layered Thiophosphate.

The extensive use of toxic cadmium (Cd) in energy conversion and industrial applications ranging from solar cells and battery appliances to paints and pigments contaminates water bodies. However, the upper limit of Cd contamination in drinking water is to be only 3 ppb by the WHO and 5 ppb by the USA-EPA, which underscores the need for cost-effective, efficient, and ppb level capture of Cd from contaminated water. Leveraging the selectivity due to Lewis's hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory, we have achieved swift and highly selective capture of Cd(II) ions from aqueous mediums using layered potassium manganese thiophosphate (K-MnPS).