Evaluating Solvent Safety in Chromosome Aberration Assays for Genetic Toxicology.

The chromosome aberration test (CAT) is a widely used in vitro assay for detecting structural chromosomal damage induced by clastogenic chemicals. It plays a crucial role in genetic toxicology, helping assess the potential genotoxic effects of pharmaceutical compounds, environmental contaminants, and industrial chemicals. This test is particularly valuable in regulatory studies, as chromosomal aberrations are linked to mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and hereditary diseases.

Strain-specific mutagenicity of NDMA and CPNP: insights from TA1535, TA100, and WP2 uvrA (pKM101) under metabolic activation.

The Ames test is a critical assay for assessing the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds; however, its conventional version (OECD TG 471) falls short in detecting nitrosamine mutagenicity due to insufficient metabolic activation. Given the ubiquity of nitrosamines as environmental contaminants and drug impurities, an enhanced protocol incorporating 30 % v/v hamster and rat liver S9 fractions with a 30-minute pre-incubation is warranted. This study streamlined the enhanced Ames test by evaluating the sensitivity of S.

Comparative Analysis of TA102 and WP2 uvrA(pKM101) Strains in Detecting Nitrosamine Mutagens in the Enhanced Ames Test.

The Ames test is a fundamental assay for evaluating chemical mutagenicity, particularly for nitrosamines, which are widespread environmental and pharmaceutical contaminants. To improve sensitivity, regulatory agencies have endorsed the enhanced Ames test (EAT), which incorporates five tester strains, a 30-min pre-incubation step, and metabolic activation using both rat and hamster liver S9 fractions. While Salmonella typhimurium TA102 is known for its sensitivity to oxidative mutagens, its performance under EAT conditions has not been fully characterized.

Investigating the Genotoxic Potential of Pioglitazone in Hyperglycemic Conditions Using Chromosome Aberration and GADD45α Markers in TK6 Cells.

Hyperglycemia significantly increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to amplified DNA damage and a higher potential for mutations. Pioglitazone, a thiazolidine-class oral antidiabetic drug, enhances insulin sensitivity but also raises concerns about cancer risk due to ROS-induced genotoxic effects. We hypothesized and evaluated the genotoxic potential of pioglitazone under hyperglycemic conditions using TK6 cells.

Assessing the impact of different solvents in the bacterial reverse mutation test.

The bacterial reverse mutation test is essential for identifying the mutagenic potential of chemicals. The solubility of the test substance is vital for achieving the recommended assay concentration. Preferred solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and water are chosen for their compatibility and historical data.

Selection of solvent and positive control concentration for enhanced Ames test conditions for N-nitrosamine compounds.

The Ames test is a widely used bacterial mutagenicity assay to evaluate the potential of chemical compounds to induce mutations. In recent years, there has been growing concern regarding the presence of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceuticals, food, and other consumer products. N-Nitrosamines are probable mutagens and carcinogens.