OCT in dermatology: a process for determining whether a fully diversified dataset is needed for AI model-building.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has sufficient depth penetration for detection of skin pathologies, but its detection effectiveness can be aided by the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) modeling. AI model-building identifies pathologies by comparing images from healthy and diseased tissues, but healthy skin can present as quite variable across skin types and ages. Here, we selected a commonly used parameter for skin analysis and attenuation coefficient and analyzed how it varied in the dermis and epidermis, and in skin-exposed and skin-protected regions, for 100 subjects from a wide range of skin types (Fitzpatrick types I-V) and ages (13-83).

Review of Non-Invasive Imaging Technologies for Cutaneous Melanoma.

Imaging technologies are constantly being developed to improve not only melanoma diagnosis, but also staging, treatment planning, and disease progression. We start with a description of how melanoma is characterized using histology, and then continue by discussing nearly two dozen different technologies, including systems currently used in medical practice and those in development. For each technology, we describe its method of operation, how it is or would be projected to be most commonly used in diagnosing and managing melanoma, and for systems in current use, we identify at least one current manufacturer.

Enriched class II HLA inherence in patients with checkpoint inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid.

Melanoma, with increasing annual incidence worldwide, is one of the deadliest cutaneous malignancies often treated with immunotherapy, which has led to commonly encountered immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including bullous pemphigoid (BP). The relation between an individual's HLA inheritance and risk in development of BP is well studied. The development of BP as an irAE in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy is also well reported and considered to be related to the expression of BP180 in malignant melanoma.

Nano-Pulse Stimulation Therapy Initiates Regulated Cell Death in Skin, Unlike Bovie Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoablation.

Background: This study describes a unique new bioelectric approach for clearing skin lesions and illustrates the clinical and histological differences between this new method and the standards of cryoablation and Bovie radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Objectives: To determine the advantage of stimulating regulated cell death with nanosecond pulsed electric fields over the necrosis response elicited by thermal ablation modalities.

Methods: Human abdominal skin was treated with cryoablation, Bovie RFA, and nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) therapy four times before an abdominoplasty procedure was performed to collect skin for histology.

Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: a comprehensive review.

Significance: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, but it can be cured if the primary lesion is detected and treated at an early stage. Imaging techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) have been studied and implemented to aid in the detection and diagnosis of CM.

Aim: Provide an overview of different PAI systems and applications for the study of CM, including the determination of tumor depth/thickness, cancer-related angiogenesis, metastases to lymph nodes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), virtual histology, and studies using exogenous contrast agents.

PRAME immunohistochemistry compared to traditional FISH testing in spitzoid neoplasms and other difficult to diagnose melanocytic neoplasms.

PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma) is a gene first identified in melanoma. It has been proposed as a useful marker to differentiate melanoma from benign melanocytic neoplasms. Recently genomic testing using fluorescence hybridization has been used to aid in the diagnosis of difficult melanocytic neoplasms.

Next-generation sequencing in dermatology.

Over the past decade, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has advanced our understanding, diagnosis, and management of several areas within dermatology. NGS has emerged as a powerful tool for diagnosing genetic diseases of the skin, improving upon traditional PCR-based techniques limited by significant genetic heterogeneity associated with these disorders. Epidermolysis bullosa and ichthyosis are two of the most extensively studied genetic diseases of the skin, with a well-characterized spectrum of genetic changes occurring in these conditions.

Multicenter, prospective feasibility study of Nano-Pulse Stimulation™ technology for the treatment of both nodular and superficial low-risk basal cell carcinoma.

Background: Nano-Pulse Stimulation™ (NPS™) therapy is a new, non-thermal bioelectric modality that applies ultrashort pulses of electric energy to trigger regulated cell death (RCD) in treated tissues. Instead of initiating necrosis by heating or freezing, NPS therapy permeabilizes intracellular organelles to activate the cell's own self-destruct pathway of programmed or regulated cell death. Unlike cryotherapeutic procedures that can both damage structural tissues and diffuse into the periphery beyond the margins of the lesion, NPS therapy only affects cells within the treated zone leaving surrounding tissue and acellular components unaffected.

Treatment of Self-Harm Scars: A Scoping Review.

Background: Self-harm scars are a consequence of deliberate self-injury, serving as a visual reminder for involved individuals. Patients often reach out to their providers seeking treatment for their scars. However, there is currently no standard for treating self-harm scars, because multiple options are being explored.

Melanoma developing in a nevoid melanocytoma with myxoid changes: a case report.

Nevoid and myxoid melanoma are rare variants of melanoma; association of the two is a unique finding. Nevoid melanoma is characterized by morphologic resemblance to a nevus, whereas myxoid melanoma demonstrates a basophilic mucinous matrix. We present an atypical case of a melanoma progressing from a nevoid melanocytoma with myxoid changes.

Ethnic distribution of populations in the highest and lowest dermatologist-dense areas: is there more to the story?

Several studies in the past decade have highlighted the lack of adequate dermatological care in skin of color (SOC) patients. This inquiry has led to further research to identify the sources of this disparity. Previous studies have highlighted the uneven geographic distribution of dermatologists, with a higher density of dermatologists in urban areas compared to other areas.

Woringer-Kolopp disease (localized pagetoid reticulosis): a systematic review.

Objective: Woringer-Kolopp disease (WKD), also known as localized pagetoid reticulosis, is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides as described by the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classification system for cutaneous lymphomas. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive review that describes and evaluates patient demographics, clinical presentation, immunohistochemical findings, management, and outcomes of WKD.

Methods: The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature.

Use of PRAME immunostaining to distinguish early melanoma in situ from benign pigmented conditions.

Background: PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is an antigen that shows marked overexpression in melanoma compared to normal skin melanocytes. PRAME immunohistochemistry has proven effective in distinguishing melanocytic nevi from melanoma, but it is unclear if it may be used to distinguish melanoma in situ from other benign pigmented lesions. In particular, differentiating from melanocytic hyperplasia in sun-damaged skin is sometimes clinically and histopathologically challenging.

Primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the pretibial leg: A case report and summary of the literature.

Primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare tumor, with fewer than 30 known cases worldwide. We report the case of a 60-year-old female who presented with a solitary right pretibial nodule of 3 mm. She had no known comorbidities, trauma to the area, or prior malignancy.

The status of treatment for plantar warts in 2021: No definitive advancements in decades for a common dermatology disease.

Plantar warts are among the most common skin conditions and are classically resistant to treatment. To perform an evidence-based evaluation of the efficacy and safety of available treatment options for plantar warts, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify large interventional and observational studies involving more than 100 patients who were treated for plantar warts from inception to October 2020. We identified only nine contributions meeting our inclusion criteria (N ≥ 100), representing 1,657 adult and pediatric patients with plantar warts.