Technologies for the longitudinal management of bipolar disorder: advances and challenges.

Bipolar disorder is a severe and enduring mental health disorder characterized by recurrent fluctuations in mood, energy, and behavior. The global prevalence of bipolar disorder is estimated to be between 1% and 2%, not accounting for underdiagnosis. Given the importance of this condition and its management, we aimed to review the evidence as to whether digital technologies facilitate the management of bipolar disorder.

Chemerin Exacerbates Pulmonary Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection Comorbidity.

The adipokine chemerin is increased in the serum of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit a threefold increased risk of developing tuberculosis, are more refractory to tuberculosis treatment and display more severe forms of the disease. Patients with type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis exhibit a dysfunctional immunological response characterized by a higher frequency of peripheral Th1 and Th17 cells, increased concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and a reduced microbicidal capacity compared to subjects affected exclusively by tuberculosis.

Antibacterial activity of diazepam against planktonic and biofilm strains of methicillin-resistant .

The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of diazepam against methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains of and its possible mechanism of action. The broth microdilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of diazepam. A checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the interaction of diazepam with different antibiotics.

Antibacterial Evaluation of Tricyclic Antidepressants Against and the Possible Pathways of the Mechanism of Action.

The resistance of to conventional pharmacological treatments has gradually increased. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Three tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), amitriptyline (AMT), nortriptyline (NOR), and clomipramine (CLO), stand out with potential in this regard.

Drug Repurposing by Virtual Screening: Identification of New Already Approved ROCK Inhibitors as Promising Drugs to Target Neurodegeneration.

ROCK kinases are key players in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), making them attractive therapeutic targets. In this study, we developed a pharmacophoric map of ROCK inhibitors and highlighted the key affinity sites in ROCK1/2 through molecular modeling. Virtual screening led to the identification of six approved drugs as ROCK inhibitors: ruxolitinib (), baricitinib (), ponatinib (), tivozanib (), nialamide (), and tucatinib ().

Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of multitarget GPR40 agonists/HDAC6 inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease.

The discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases-particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) -remains one of the most challenging areas in medicinal chemistry. Given the multifactorial nature of these disorders, the rational design of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) is gaining increasing attention, underscoring the importance of exploring novel target combinations. In this study, we report the design of the first-in-class multitarget compounds that function as dual GPR40 agonists and HDAC6 inhibitors-a novel strategy aimed at modulating neuroinflammation in AD.

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of isometamidium chloride against Trypanosoma vivax in cattle.

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics (pk), preventive efficacy (PE) and therapeutic efficacy (TE) of isometamidium chloride (ISM) against T. vivax. For the pk study, the animals received ISM 1 mg/kg (1 mL/40 kg) on day 0 and plasma samples were collected at day 0 (immediately before treatment), 1 h, 3 h 6 h, 9 h and 12 h after treatment, D + 1 (24 h and 36 h), D + 2 (48 h), D + 7, D + 14, D + 21, D + 28, D + 42, D + 56 and D + 68 post treatment.

Exploring the Conformational Effects of - and -Methylation of -Acylhydrazones.

-Acylhydrazones (NAH) are privileged structures in chemistry and medicinal chemistry. In this study, we describe the conformational effects of - and -methylated -acylhydrazone derivatives, combining theoretical and experimental data analysis. Four -acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives (-) were synthesized and structurally characterized to investigate the impact of methylation on their conformational preferences and electronic properties.

Beclin-1-dependent autophagy protects perivascular adipose tissue function from hyperaldosteronism effects.

Hyperaldosteronism (HA), characterized by excessive production of aldosterone (Aldo), contributes to cardiovascular damage and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that Aldo can impair autophagy in various tissues. However, it remains unclear whether this impairment occurs specifically in PVAT and whether it involves disruption of autophagic flux through Beclin-1 (BCN1), a key regulator of autophagosome formation and maturation.

Acaricidal efficacy of fluralaner against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks under laboratory and field conditions in Brazil.

Background: The first isoxazoline-based acaricide (fluralaner) for the control of Rhipicephalus microplus was introduced onto the market in 2022, initially in Brazil, followed by other Latin American countries. Therefore, it is important to establish laboratory methods to monitor the susceptibility of populations of R. microplus to this molecule and to determine the relationship between the results of laboratory tests and those from field trials.

Drug Discovery for Histone Deacetylase Inhibition: Past, Present and Future of Zinc-Binding Groups.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulators of gene expression, influencing chromatin remodeling and playing a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. Aberrant HDAC activity has been linked to cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory diseases, making these enzymes attractive therapeutic targets. HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have gained significant attention, particularly those containing zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), which interact directly with the catalytic zinc ion in the enzyme's active site.

Bioactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of a Wound Healing Ointment With Medicinal Plant Bioactives: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Evaluations.

Chronic wounds have a significant impact on patients' quality of life, necessitating the management of pain, infection, bleeding, and emotional challenges. Debridement, which involves the removal of nonviable tissue, is crucial for promoting wound healing. In addition to surgical methods, cost-effective alternatives such as local solutions and ointments with biological properties have been explored.

Effect of promethazine against and its preventive action in the formation of biofilms on silicone catheters.

Urinary infections caused by are commonly associated with urinary catheterization and often result in severe complications. Given this problem, the objective of the study was to investigate the preventive action of promethazine (PMT) against the formation of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) biofilms when impregnated in urinary catheters. For this purpose, techniques such as broth microdilution, checkerboard, impregnation on urinary catheter fragments, flow cytometry assays and scanning electron microscopy were employed.

Potential activity of paroxetine alone and associated with oxacillin as an alternative to prevent Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in catheters.

Biofilm formation, especially in medical devices, is a pertinent factor in the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus, and is known to increase morbidity, mortality, and costs. We evaluated the activity of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, alone and associated with oxacillin, a β-lactam antibacterial, against S. aureus biofilms, as well as verified its potential application as a preventive agent against biofilm formation in catheters.

Preventive Activity of an Arginine-Based Surfactant on the Formation of Mixed Biofilms of Fluconazole-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing on Central Venous Catheters.

Mixed bloodstream infections associated with central venous catheter (CVC) use are a growing problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of a cationic arginine-based gemini surfactant, C(LA), against mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing , and the preventive effect of this surfactant impregnated in CVCs on the formation of inter-kingdom biofilms. Broth microdilution assays were performed along with evaluation of the effect against mixed biofilms in formation.

Novel Phenotypical and Biochemical Findings in Mucolipidosis Type II.

Mucolipidosis type II is a very rare lysosomal disease affecting the UDP-GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase enzyme, which catalyzes the synthesis of the targeting signal mannose 6-phosphate in lysosomal acid hydrolases. Its deficiency hinders the arrival of lysosomal enzymes to the lysosome, diminishing the multiple degradations of components that cells need to perform. Due to the low prevalence of this condition, available information is scarce.

Zn (II) complex with vanillin derived Schiff base: antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities.

Aim: To synthesize and characterize a Schiff base derived from vanillin and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (VTRIS) and the Zinc (II) complex [Zn(VTRIS)](CHCOO).

Materials And Methods: VTRIS and the Zn (II) complex were synthesized through condensation and complexation reactions, respectively. Structures were confirmed by electron spectroscopy in the UV-Vis, FT-IR and NMR regions.

First evaluation of the efficacy and operational cost of acaricidal bath combining different droplet sizes, pressures and spray patterns in dairy cows naturally infested with Rhipicephalus microplus.

Rhipicephalus microplus poses a significant challenge to animal health. This study evaluated efficacy and the effective operational cost (EOC) of different acaricidal treatments varying droplet size, pressure and spray pattern using a power sprayer. Three experiments were conducted on dairy cows, with each experiment involving three groups of 10 animals: two treated groups and one untreated control group.

Characterization, antifungal activity, and possible action mechanism of Melissa officinalis essential oil against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans strains.

This study aimed to characterize Melissa officinalis essential oil (EOMO) from a region in Northeast Brazil and evaluate its antifungal activity against Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans, by analyzing its action mechanism. EOMO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the main chemical compounds were Geranial (14.10%) and (Z)-Nerolidol (17.

Differential Risk of Depression by Occupational Factors: A Gendered Perspective From the Brazilian National Health Survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate occupational factors associated with depression among Brazilian workers, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 52,475 participants. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (scores >9).

Enhanced lipidomics workflows for plasma and extracellular vesicles through advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry integrated.

Lipidomics, a subfield of metabolomics, provides comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems and is essential for biomedical research, driven by advances in analytical technologies. Lipids are crucial biomolecules in cellular functions and have been increasingly recognized for their role in physiological and pathological processes. This study focuses on advanced strategies for the development, validation, and implementation of untargeted lipidomics methods in human plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Cryogenic, but not hypothermic, preservation disrupts the extracellular matrix of cell sheets.

Cell sheet (CS)-based approaches hold significant potential for tissue regeneration, relying on the extracellular matrix (ECM) for success. Like in native tissues, the ECM provides structural and biochemical support for cellular homeostasis and function. Effective preservation strategies that maintain ECM integrity are critical to enhance the therapeutic potential of CS-based approaches.

Microspheres based on galactomannan and Spondias purpurea L. extract to increase antifungal and antibiofilm efficacy against Candida spp.

The ongoing problem of an increasing resistance of Candida spp. to available antifungals, has made it necessary the search for new therapeutic alternatives. The aim of this work was to develop a microsphere based on Caesalpinia ferrea galactomannan and Spondias purpurea L.

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in Morocco: Identification of Causative Variants by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).

(1) Background: Most rare disease patients endure long delays in obtaining a correct diagnosis, the so-called "diagnostic odyssey", due to a combination of the rarity of their disorder and the lack of awareness of rare diseases among both primary care professionals and specialists. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques that target genes underlying diverse phenotypic traits or groups of diseases are helping reduce these delays; (2) Methods: We used a combination of biochemical (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), NGS (resequencing gene panels) and splicing assays to achieve a complete diagnosis of three patients with suspected metachromatic leukodystrophy, a neurologic lysosomal disorder; (3) Results: Affected individuals in each family were homozygotes for harmful variants in the gene, one of them novel (c.854+1dup, in family 1) and the other already described (c.

Biodegradation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in secondary effluent by microalgae-bacteria consortium.

Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are bacteriostatic agents, which are co-administered to patients during infection treatment due to their synergetic effects. Once consumed, TMP and SMX end up in wastewater and are directed to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which fail to remove these contaminants from municipal wastewater. The discharge of WWTP effluents containing antibiotics in the environment is a major concern for public health as it contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance.