Tumor tough, therapy smarter: Rethinking CAR-T for pancreatic cancer.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has changed how we treat blood cancers but hasn't worked as well for solid tumors like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), mainly because these tumors are very aggressive and resistant to regular treatments. This review critically examines peer-reviewed studies to chart the evolution of immunotherapy in PDAC, emphasizing the unique barriers to effective CAR T-cell treatment and emerging strategies to overcome them. CAR T-cells that focus on tumor-related markers like mesothelin, HER2, and MUC1 have shown promise in early research models.

Autophagy and Apoptosis: Current Challenges of Treatment and Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma.

Over the past two decades, the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved dramatically, owing primarily to novel agents targeting MM in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) pathways. However, the mechanisms of resistance acquisition remain a mystery and are poorly understood. Autophagy and apoptosis are tightly controlled processes and play a critical role in the cell growth, development, and survival of MM.