Inspiratory muscle strength training to improve cardiometabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: protocol for the diabetes inspiratory training clinical trial.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex, chronic metabolic disease that carries with it a high prevalence of comorbid conditions, making T2DM one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. Traditional lifestyle interventions (e.

The Efficacy of Ischemic Preconditioning on Handgrip Strength and Strength Endurance in Para-Athletes With Spinal-Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: This pilot study investigated the functional outcomes after ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in high-level para-athletes with spinal-cord injury.

Methods: Nine athletes completed 2 handgrip exercise trials (an isometric hold to failure at 60% maximal voluntary contraction [ISO] and a progressive, intermittent handgrip to failure [INT]), preceded by either IPC (220 mm Hg) or sham (20 mm Hg) for six 5-minute periods, in a repeated-measures, crossover design.

Results: Although small performance improvements in time to task failure were observed in the ISO (∼5%) and INT (∼8%) IPC conditions, which are similar to those reported elsewhere, no statistical influence was observed (ISO-IPC, 74.

Acute inspiratory resistance training enhances endothelium-dependent dilation and retrograde shear rate in healthy young adults.

Inspiratory resistance training (IRT) yields significant reductions in resting blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function. Our objective was to quantify the acute effects of IRT on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and shear rates (SRs) in healthy men and women. Twenty young adults (22.

Deep breathing exercise at work: Potential applications and impact.

Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and daily deep breathing exercise (DBE) is a promising intervention to reduce blood pressure and stress in adults. DBE is simple, time-efficient, and does not require specialized equipment, allowing participation in a wide variety of settings. The workplace is an ideal setting to implement DBE at the national level for several reasons, including a large proportion of waking hours spent in the workplace, high levels of sedentary time at work, prevalence of work-related stress, and regular breaks throughout the day potentially reducing worker error.

A short course of high-resistance, low-volume breathing exercise extends respiratory endurance and blunts cardiovascular responsiveness to constant load respiratory testing in healthy young adults.

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of 6-weeks high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) on respiratory endurance, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responsiveness to high respiratory workloads. Ten healthy young adults completed two constant-load resistive breathing tests to exhaustion (T) (target pressure =65 % maximal inspiratory pressure [PI]; duty cycle = 0.7; breathing frequency matched to eupnea) separated by 6-weeks high-resistance (75 % maximal inspiratory pressure, PI), low-volume (30 inspiratory efforts/day, 5 days/week) IMST.

A multi-trial, retrospective analysis of the antihypertensive effects of high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training.

Above-normal blood pressure (BP) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In a retrospective analysis of five pilot trials, we assessed the BP-lowering effects of high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) in adults aged 18-82 years and the impact of IMST on maximal inspiratory pressure (PI), a gauge of inspiratory muscle strength and independent disease risk factor. Participants were randomized to high-resistance IMST (75% PI) or low-resistance sham (15% PI) training (30 breaths/day, 5-7 days/wk, 6 wk).

Six Months of Inspiratory Muscle Training to Lower Blood Pressure and Improve Endothelial Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Above-Normal Blood Pressure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Protocol for the CHART Clinical Trial.

Cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern and prevalence is high in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Lowering blood pressure (BP) can greatly reduce cardiovascular disease risk and physical activity is routinely prescribed to achieve this goal. Unfortunately, many adults with OSA suffer from fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and exercise intolerance-due to poor sleep quality and nocturnal hypoxemia-and have difficulty initiating and maintaining an exercise program.

Heterogeneity of the strength response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: Contributions of muscle contractility.

Background: Older adults display wide individual variability (heterogeneity) in the effects of resistance exercise training on muscle strength. The mechanisms driving this heterogeneity are poorly understood. Understanding of these mechanisms could permit development of more targeted interventions and/or improved identification of individuals likely to respond to resistance training interventions.

Age of Peak Performance Differs by Functional Task in Mice Tracked Over 2 Years.

Mouse models are often used to validate novel interventions prior to human testing, although biological differences between mice and humans limit the translatability of outcomes. A common assumption in animal research is that maximal physical performance will be present at a young age, and that differences in task performance between young and old can be attributed to the aging process. However, this may not be true for all physical function tasks, and leaving out intermediate time points could drastically alter data interpretation.

Perspective: Pragmatic Exercise Recommendations for Older Adults: The Case for Emphasizing Resistance Training.

Optimal health benefits from exercise are achieved by meeting both aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines, however, most older adults (OAs) do not exercise and the majority of those who do only perform one type of exercise. A pragmatic solution to this problem may be emphasizing a single exercise strategy that maximizes health benefits. The loss of muscle mass and strength at an accelerated rate are hallmarks of aging that, without intervention, eventually lead to physical disability and loss of independence.

Sex differences in body composition but not neuromuscular function following long-term, doxycycline-induced reduction in circulating levels of myostatin in mice.

Age-related declines in muscle function result from changes in muscle structure and contractile properties, as well as from neural adaptations. Blocking myostatin to drive muscle growth is one potential therapeutic approach. While the effects of myostatin depletion on muscle characteristics are well established, we have very little understanding of its effects on the neural system.

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Three Different Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults: Protocol for the DART Study.

Age-related declines in physical function lead to decreased independence and higher healthcare costs. Individuals who meet the endurance and resistance exercise recommendations can improve their physical function and overall fitness, even into their ninth decade. However, most older adults do not exercise regularly, and the majority of those who do only perform one type of exercise, and in doing so are not getting the benefits of endurance or resistance exercise.

Changes in DXA-derived lean mass and MRI-derived cross-sectional area of the thigh are modestly associated.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived measures of lean mass demonstrate strong associations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived measures of muscle volume (MV) in cross-sectional studies, however, few studies have compared changes in response to an intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of DXA at detecting changes in lean mass, using MRI-derived MV as a reference standard. 10 male and 16 female subjects (29.