Insecticidal activity of marigold Tagetes patula plants and foliar extracts against the hemipteran pests, Lygus hesperus and Bemisia tabaci.

The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are key hemipteran pests of numerous crop plants throughout the western United States and Mexico. Management in the U.S.

Reproductive Development of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adults Under Constant and Variable Temperatures.

As water for agriculture becomes less available in the semi-arid western United States, alternative irrigation strategies such as deficit irrigation may be necessary for continued crop production. Alternative irrigation practices in cotton (Gossypium spp. [Malvales: Valvaceae]) can result in episodic drought stress that alters temperature profiles within the crop canopy.

Development and Survival of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Nymphs Under Constant and Variable Temperatures.

Thermal environments of the arid western United States are often harsh compared with the ranges of temperatures favorable for development and survival of crop insect pests. In cotton [Gossypium spp. (Malvales: Malvaceae)], new irrigation practices such as deficit irrigation may impact populations of pest and beneficial arthropods by temporarily altering temperature profiles within the plant canopy.

Termination of Diapause in the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of cotton (Gossypium spp. (Malvales: Malvaceae)) in Mexico, South America, and South Texas in the United States. The ability of the boll weevil to survive extended cotton-free periods has been key to its persistence as a pest despite intensive control efforts.

Diapause Response of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Feeding Period Duration and Cotton Square Size.

Distribution of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the United States has been greatly reduced by eradication efforts. Still, it remains a key pest of cotton (Gossypium spp., [Malvales: Malvaceae]) in the New World, and has proven difficult to eliminate from Mexico and from southern Texas.

Dynamics of Predation on Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Alfalfa Trap-Cropped Organic Strawberry.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (Fabales: Fabaceae) can be strategically planted as a trap crop for Lygus spp. in California's organic strawberry fields.

Morphology, Diet, and Temperature-Dependent Host-Free Survival of the Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of cotton (Gossypium spp. (Malvales: Malvaceae)) in South America, Mexico, and southernmost Texas in the United States. A key factor in the persistence of the boll weevil is its ability to survive the noncotton season.

Captures of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Trap Distance From Cotton Fields.

The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) has been eradicated from much of the United States, but remains an important pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in other parts of the Americas. Where the weevil occurs, the pheromone trap is a key tool for population monitoring or detection.

Captures of Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Trap Orientation and Distance From Brush Lines.

Eradication programs for the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) rely on pheromone-baited traps to trigger insecticide treatments and monitor program progress. A key objective of monitoring in these programs is the timely detection of incipient weevil populations to limit or prevent re-infestation. Therefore, improvements in the effectiveness of trapping would enhance efforts to achieve and maintain eradication.

Temperature-Dependent Survival of Adult Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae).

The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a key pest of many horticultural and agronomic crops in the western United States. Despite its well documented pest status, many aspects of the basic biology, including overwintering ecology, of L. hesperus are poorly understood.

Feeding injury to cotton caused by Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) nymphs and prereproductive adults.

Despite numerous studies examining feeding injury to cotton (Gossypium spp.) caused by different stages of Lygus hesperus Knight, no consistent trends are apparent. One explanation for inconsistencies among previous results is failure to account for important sources of biological variation.

Temperature-dependent egg development of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key agricultural pest in the western United States, but certain aspects of its temperature-dependent development are poorly defined. Accurate models describing the relationships between temperature and development of L. hesperus would facilitate the study of Lygus seasonal population dynamics and overwintering ecology.

Oviposition behaviors and ontogenetic embryonic characteristics of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus.

The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key pest of fruit, vegetable, and field crops in the western United States, but many aspects of L. hesperus ecology are poorly documented. A sound understanding of oviposition behavior and characterization of the phases of embryonic development would be useful in studies of interactions between L.

Temperature dependent development of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) nymphs.

Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key pest of fruit and vegetable crops, forages, and cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the western United States. Accurate models describing relationships between temperature and L.

Injury to cotton by adult Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) of different gender and reproductive states.

Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the western United States that injures floral buds (squares) and developing fruit (bolls). However, no clear relationship between Lygus population level and plant injury has been established.

Evaluation of kill strips on boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) mortality in pheromone traps and impact on weevil escape.

A field study examined the temporal patterns of boll weevil mortality provided by two commercially available kill strips, Hercon VaporTape II and Plato Insecticide Strip, and to evaluate the impacts of these devices on weevil escape from traps. Both types of kill strips produced similar levels of weevil mortality with the exception of the last two inspection intervals (30 and 46 h after continual exposure to kill strips). At these intervals, the Plato Strip produced significantly higher mortality than the Hercon strip; however, these differences were numerically small (10 and 6%, respectively).