Imaging and Clinical Findings of Xanthogranulomatous Inflammatory Disease of Various Abdominal and Pelvic Organs: A Pictorial Essay.

Xanthogranulomatous (XG) inflammatory disease is a rare benign disease involving various organs, including the gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, spleen, stomach, small bowel, colon, appendix, kidney, adrenal gland, urachus, urinary bladder, retroperitoneum, and female genital organs. The imaging features of XG inflammatory disease are nonspecific, usually presenting as a heterogeneous solid or cystic mass. The disease may also extend to adjacent structures.

Ultrasonography of intrascrotal torsed appendages: size and interval between symptom onset and the ultrasonographic examination according to echogenicity.

Purpose: This study investigated the size of torsed appendages and the interval between symptom onset and the ultrasonographic examination according to the echogenicity of the torsed appendages.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 54 cases in 46 patients with torsion of the testicular appendages between December 2008 and July 2021. Eight patients received follow-up ultrasonography 7-48 days after initial ultrasonography.

Various Intratesticular Hypoechoic Lesions on Scrotal Sonography.

Sonography with a high-frequency transducer is the modality of choice for imaging the scrotum. Most intratesticular lesions are hypoechoic. Differentiation of intratesticular hypoechoic lesions as either malignant or benign is important because the treatment of these lesions vary.

Small testes: clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of patients with small testes due to a wide range of causes. We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of various causes of small testes. We present various causes of small testes on ultrasonography including Klinefelter syndrome, testicular torsion, mumps orchitis, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, varicocele, and trauma.

Testicular atrophy after mumps orchitis: ultrasonographic findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic findings of testicular atrophy after mumps orchitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case files of eight patients (14 to 24 years old; mean, 17 years) with mumps orchitis and testicular atrophy who were treated between January 2011 and September 2017. On gray-scale and color Doppler, the ultrasonographic features of volume, shape, echogenicity, and degree of blood flow in the testes were analyzed as part of both initial and follow-up ultrasonography.

Groin abnormalities: ultrasonographic and clinical findings.

Groin lesions can be classified as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions include lipoma, epidermoid cyst, angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor, liposarcoma, and synovial sarcoma, as well as metastases from lymphoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and carcinomas of the lung, breast, urinary bladder, ovary, vulva, and colon. Non-neoplastic lesions include hernias, round ligament varices, endometriosis, Kimura disease, Castleman disease, hematoma, and inflammation.

Gallbladder contraction at CT and sonography secondary to bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Purpose: To investigate volume changes of the gallbladder at computed tomography (CT) following bowel preparation for colonoscopy and to evaluate the incidence of gallbladder contraction at abdominal sonography performed with colonoscopy on the same day.

Methods: During a 1-year period, 222 patients underwent abdominal CT (CT) and colonoscopy on the same day. Among them, 123 patients had prior CT imaging without receiving colonoscopy in the past were enrolled.

Tumors of the jejunum and ileum: a pattern-based imaging approach on CT.

Since a broad spectrum of tumors can occur in the small bowels, it is not easy to make a correct differential diagnosis among small bowel tumors on CT findings. Therefore, once a mass is detected on CT, the radiologist needs to analyze the mass based on presenting patterns such as location, multiplicity, morphology, and enhancement patterns. In this article, we will illustrate various kinds of small bowel tumors based on imaging patterns at CT to facilitate making a correct diagnosis.

Sonographic Diagnosis of a Colovesical Fistula Due to Sigmoid Colon Cancer.

Based on sonographic findings, colovesical fistula was diagnosed in a 71-year-old man with sigmoid colon cancer. Gray-scale sonography revealed an irregular thickening of the sigmoid colon wall abutting the urinary bladder which also showed thickening in the region of contact. Color Doppler sonography showed a twinkling artifact within the thickened bladder wall.

Torsed appendix epididymis in an adult: misdiagnosis as tumor of tunica vaginalis on sonography.

We report the sonographic findings in a case of torsed appendix epididymis that occurred in an adult, which was misdiagnosed as a tunica vaginalis tumor such as cystic mesothelioma. Scrotal gray-scale sonography revealed an ovoid-shaped, heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with multiple tiny cystic foci and thick septa in the sac of the right tunica vaginalis, which abuts to the right epididymal head. Color Doppler sonography showed no blood flow within the mass.

The value of initial sonography compared to supplementary CT for diagnosing right-sided colonic diverticulitis.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the value of initial sonography in the diagnosis of right-sided colonic diverticulitis in comparison with supplementary CT.

Materials And Methods: A total of 183 consecutive adult patients with right lower quadrant pain (73 diverticulitis, and 110 non-diverticulitis) who underwent both initial sonography and subsequent CT within 24 h were enrolled in this study. Two reviewers retrospectively assessed imaging findings of diverticula, colonic wall thickening, inflammatory pericolic fat, and pericolic abscess for each sonography and CT and then classified each case as non-diverticulitis, simple diverticulitis or complicated diverticulitis.

Diagnostic errors when interpreting abdominopelvic computed tomography: a pictorial review.

Diagnostic errors remain an inevitable occurrence during abdominopelvic CT (APCT) interpretation, despite advances in imaging technology. The main cause of error is failure to identify a lesion (i.e.

Comparison of Low- and Standard-Dose CT for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to compare low-dose CT and standard-dose CT in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis with an emphasis on diagnostic value.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search for articles published through June 2016 was performed to identify studies that compared low-dose CT with standard-dose CT for the evaluation of patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% CIs were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model.

A Case of Fibrovascular Polyp of the Stomach: Sonographic and Computed Tomographic Findings.

Fibrovascular polyps are rare, pedunculated, tumor-like lesions that are usually found in the esophagus; occurrence in the stomach is very rare. To our knowledge, sonographic and CT findings of a fibrovascular polyp in the stomach have never been reported. Here, we report a case of a fibrovascular polyp that was identified in the gastric antrum and prolapsed into the duodenal bulb.

Prostate cancer: correlation of intravoxel incoherent motion MR parameters with Gleason score.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging to predict histological prognostic parameters by investigating whether IVIM parameters correlate with Gleason score.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and informed consent was waived. A total of 41 patients with histologically proven prostate cancer who underwent prostate MRI using a 3T MRI machine were included.

Diagnostic Usefulness of Low-Dose Nonenhanced Computed Tomography With Coronal Reformations in Patients With Suspected Acute Appendicitis: A Comparison With Standard-Dose Computed Tomography.

Purpose: The aims of the study were to evaluate the usefulness of low-dose (LD) nonenhanced CT (NECT) with coronal reformation in diagnosing acute appendicitis and to compare LD NECT with standard-dose (SD) NECT and SD contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).

Methods: A total of 452 patients suspected of having acute appendicitis underwent CT using a scan 1 (SD NECT and SD CECT1, n = 182) or a scan 2 protocol (LD NECT and SD CECT2, n = 270). The diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement for diagnosing acute appendicitis were compared.

Cystic Duct Enhancement: A Useful CT Finding in the Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis Without Visible Impacted Gallstones.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incremental value of the presence of cystic duct enhancement for diagnosing acute cholecystitis without visible impacted gallstones.

Materials And Methods: CT scans of 63 patients with acute cholecystitis and 63 control subjects were retrospectively and independently reviewed by two radiologists to determine the presence of cystic duct enhancement or impacted stones. Two additional radiologists were then asked to independently evaluate all CT images using a 5-point scoring system for diagnosing acute cholecystitis.

Does the Degree of Perihepatitis Have Any Relevance to the Severity of the Manifestations of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease on Multidetector Computed Tomography?

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the degree of perihepatitis and the severity of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Methods: A total of 177 women with PID who underwent biphasic abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were enrolled. Two reviewers retrospectively reviewed the CT scans with consensus and subjectively categorized the severity of PID into 4 grades (normal, mild, moderate, and severe).

Complications related to medical devices of the abdomen and pelvis: pictorial essay.

A variety of medical devices are used to monitor or treat abdominal and pelvic diseases. They are routinely recognized on abdominal radiographs and computed tomography (CT), and complications associated with their use are not uncommon. The complications associated with the use of the medical devices are migration, malposition and fracture, which can be easily recognized on abdominal radiographs.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of ovary-containing hernias of the canal of Nuck.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the ultrasonographic findings of ovary-containing hernias of the canal of Nuck.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 22 hernia cases of the canal of Nuck. The following gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic features were analyzed: the site and the size of the hernia, the texture of the hernia contents, and the presence or absence of blood flow in the hernia contents.

A case of intussusception of the appendix secondary to endometriosis: US and CT findings.

Intussusception of the appendix is an uncommon condition that is difficult to diagnose with radiology. Endometriosis causing appendiceal intussusception is a rare condition that has only been reported a few times in the literature. Here, we report a case of appendiceal intussusception caused by endometriosis in a 33-year-old woman who presented with intermittent right lower abdominal pain.

Dropped omental fat post laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with omentectomy mistaken for malignant peritoneal seeding on sonography.

We report the sonographic findings in a case of dropped omental fat post laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with omentectomy for stomach cancer mistaken for malignant intraperitoneal seeding. Gray-scale sonography revealed an ovoid-shaped hyperechoic mass with central poorly defined hypoechoic portion in the right perihepatic space. Color Doppler sonography showed no blood flow within the mass.