Effects of natural killer cell‑conditioned medium on UVB‑induced photoaging in human keratinocytes and a human reconstructed skin model.

Natural killer (NK) cells produce various cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑10, IL‑12, interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α and transforming growth factor β, which are critical in modulating immune responses. NK cell‑conditioned medium (NK‑CdM), rich in cytokines, has potential applications in therapy and healing. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of NK‑CdM against ultraviolet B (UVB)‑mediated photoaging using and models.

Frequency and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome according to level of cervical radiculopathy: double crush syndrome?

Objective: The double crush hypothesis (DC) proposes that a proximal lesion along an axon predisposes it to injury at a more distal site along its course through impaired axoplasmic flow. The frequency and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) according to the level of cervical radiculopathy were investigated to evaluate the hypothesis of DC.

Methods: The frequency of CTS was investigated in 277 patients with C6, C7 or C8 radiculopathies and correlation between CTS and radiculopathy level was determined.