Safety profile of belatacept in a real-life setting: disproportionality analysis of the WHO pharmacovigilance database.

Background: Belatacept is a co-stimulation blocker used in kidney transplant recipients to prevent allograft rejection. Unlike calcineurin inhibitors, belatacept is non-nephrotoxic and may carry a lower risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. However, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) includes a broad range of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), mostly identified in small clinical trials with cyclosporine as a control, in patients exposed to other immunosuppressants.

[Ruxolitinib, disseminated tuberculosis and primary myelofibrosis: A case study].

Introduction: Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase 2 inhibitor (JAK2i) used in patients with primary myelofibrosis. This treatment is a risk factor for bacterial and viral infections, and can reactivate latent infections, such as tuberculosis.

Observation: We report the case of a 80-year-old patient hospitalized for disseminated tuberculosis.

Evaluating and leveraging large language models in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics assessment: From exam takers to exam shapers.

Aims: In medical education, the ability of large language models (LLMs) to match human performance raises questions about their potential as educational tools. This study evaluates LLMs' performance on Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (CPT) exams, comparing their results to medical students and exploring their ability to identify poorly formulated multiple-choice questions (MCQs).

Methods: ChatGPT-4 Omni, Gemini Advanced, Le Chat and DeepSeek R1 were tested on local CPT exams (third year of bachelor's degree, first/second year of master's degree) and the European Prescribing Exam (EuroPE).

Lipschütz ulcer following first dose of COVID-19 tozinameran vaccine: Report of a case and review of a World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database.

Lipschütz ulcer (LU) is a condition known for painful vulvar ulcers, typically affecting young women and often linked to infectious agents. Recent reports have indicated a potential connection between LU and COVID-19 vaccination, particularly after the second or booster doses. This study presents a case of LU following the first dose of tozinameran in a young woman who had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigates similar cases globally.