The 2024 UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has updated the revised UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. This guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management.

Introduction: The UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) first produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in 2008, with updates in 2013, 2017 and 2021.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: For Sexual Exposure in the LGBTQIA+ Community.

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and, subsequently, acquired immune deficiency syndrome emphasize the significance of prevention and treatment, especially among vulnerable populations. Some subgroups of the LGBTQIA+ community, namely men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals, can be disproportionately affected by this disease. As the health care community recognizes this health concern, post-exposure prophylaxis has become important in preventing HIV spread.

Carbonate esters as green alternatives in chromatographic separations.

Background: Carbonate esters are polar aprotic solvents that can be used to replace polar solvents: methanol, acetonitrile, or even apolar solvents in the mobile phases for liquid chromatography. Dimethyl, diethyl, and propylene carbonates (DMC, DEC, and PC) are not fully soluble in water.

Results: Twelve volume phase diagrams of water, the three carbonates, and methanol, ethanol, propanol, and acetonitrile were determined.

Is individual heterogeneity in growth rates relevant to population dynamics of long-lived reptiles?

Many populations show pronounced individual heterogeneity in traits such as somatic growth rates, but the relevance of this heterogeneity to population dynamics remains unclear. Individual heterogeneity may be particularly relevant to long-lived organisms for which vital rates (survival and reproduction) increase with adult growth, as subtle differences in growth rates can have major fitness consequences. Previous analysis of data for snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in Algonquin Park, Canada, from 1972 to 2012 showed that individual heterogeneity in growth rates and size-specific reproductive rates of adult females led to eightfold variation in lifetime reproductive output.

Diagnostics and new treatment regimens for TB: can the Xpert MTB/XDR assay fill the gap for fluoroquinolone testing?

Rapid diagnosis of resistance-conferring mutations to antibiotics used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is critical for patient care and public health control efforts. Prior guidelines included the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs) for the treatment of drug-resistant TB, including multidrug-resistant TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant TB, and extensively drug-resistant TB. More recently, a short-course regimen for antibiotic-susceptible TB was introduced, which includes the use of a FQ, a drug class that diagnostic algorithms in the United States (US) typically do not test for if all first-line agents are susceptible.