Associations of Laboratory- and Field- derived Measurements of Critical Power with W'-kinetics during 40-km Cycling Time Trial Performances.

This study aimed to establish whether a laboratory (lab) based 3-minute all-out (3MT) protocol and a field-based 3MT protocol would yield similar peak power (P), critical power (CP), and curvature constant (W') profiles and the implications of parameter estimation for informing a 40-km time trial (TT) performance. Nine competitive male cyclists (mean ± SD: age 36.5 ± 10.

An engineered glioblastoma model yields macrophage-secreted drivers of invasion.

While the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioblastoma (GBM) has been well documented, targeting TAMs has thus far yielded limited clinical success in slowing GBM progression due, in part, to an incomplete understanding of TAM function. Using an engineered 3D hydrogel-based model of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME), we show that M2-polarized macrophages stimulate transcriptional and phenotypic changes in GBM stem cells (GSCs) closely associated with the highly aggressive and invasive mesenchymal subtype. By combining proteomics with GBM patient single-cell transcriptomics, we identify multiple TAM-secreted proteins with putative proinvasive functions and validate TGF-β induced (TGFBI, also known as BIGH3) as a targetable TAM-secreted tumorigenic factor.

Solvent Redistribution Method To Determine Solubility and Aggregation: High Throughput, Accuracy, and Sustainability.

The pharmaceutical industry is responsible for 4.4% of global CO emissions. Assays used in drug discovery and development are major contributors to waste, including solubility measurements.

Cyanopyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures for Ethylene and Ethane Separation.

The solubility of ethane and ethylene was determined in a series of cyanopyridinium ionic liquids known to form charge-transfer complexes with polyaromatic hydrocarbons to determine their potential to form specific interactions with the unsaturated gas. The solubilities of ethylene and ethane in 1-butyl-4-cyanopyridinium bis-(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide ([C CNPy]-[NTf]) and 1-butyl-3-cyanopyridinium bis-(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide ([C CNPy]-[NTf]) were measured using an isochoric saturation method. The mole fraction solubility of ethane in the ionic liquids ranged from 6.

Nuclear quantum effects of metal surface-mediated C-H activation.

The nuclear quantum effects of surface-mediated C-H activation of surface CH are considered for the pristine Pt(111) and Au(111) surfaces at 300 K. The kinetic barriers without nuclear quantum effects are calculated using both static density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics. Static calculations are performed using the harmonic approximation while the free energy pathway is calculated using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics.