Brain network signatures of spatial memory in adolescents at risk for substance use.

Background: Examining youth before engagement in risky behaviors may help identify neurobiological signatures that prospectively predict susceptibility to initiating and escalating alcohol and other substance use. Given that frontal and medial temporal (e.g.

Treatment effects in orthopaedic trials are underestimated by applying patient-level PRO thresholds for meaningful differences at the group level.

Orthopaedic trials frequently rely on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to measure primary end points. Thresholds for clinically meaningful score differences are then used to interpret PRO scores and support result interpretation. At the patient level, thresholds are used to determine if an individual patient has experienced a clinically meaningful improvement or deterioration, which evaluates whether or not they are a treatment responder.

Surgical invasiveness, reoperation, and preoperative depression are predictive of super-utilization in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Purpose: A subset of adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients undergoing corrective surgery receive a disproportionate level of medical resources and incur greater costs. We examined the characteristics of such super-utilizers of health care resources among ASD patients.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter study analyzed data from ASD patients with > 4 levels of spinal fusion and a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Listhesis and Spinopelvic Inclination of Upper Instrumented Vertebra Region and the Implications on Proximal Junctional Kyphosis.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospective data.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of radiographic and morphologic configuration of the uppermost instrumented vertebrae (UIV) region on proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) rates.

Background: Literature is limited on evaluation of the preoperative landing zone (UIV-1 to UIV +2 levels) and its impact on development of PJK.

Prompt Engineering and Follow-Up Questioning Improves the Readability of Spine Surgery Questions in Large Language Models.

Introduction: The field of spine surgery is complex, and patient education material within the field are often written at a reading level that exceeds the recommended standard. Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have shown potential for generating educational content, but require further investigation regarding readability and adaptability in responding to follow-up questions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate which model and prompting strategies improve the readability the most, especially in newer models.