Source identification and management of perennial contaminated groundwater seepage in the highly industrial watershed, south India.

Perennial contaminated groundwater seepage is threatening the downstream ecosystem of the Kazipally Pharmaceutical industrial area located in South India. The sources of seepage are unknown for the last three decades that challenging the regulatory authorities and industries. In general, water quality monitoring and geophysical techniques are applied to identify the sources.

Water quality index and GIS-based technique for assessment of groundwater quality in Wanaparthy watershed, Telangana, India.

A comprehensive study of 58 groundwater samples collected in the virgin area of Wanaparthy watershed (1600 km), Telangana, India, to assess the hydrochemistry, quality, water types and potability using hydrogeochemical characterization, WQI and GIS technique. Major ions concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, F, NO and SO in groundwater were analysed using ion chromatography (IC). Physicochemical values of the potential of hydrogen (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined using Hanna portable meters, while total hardness (TH), alkalinity and bicarbonates are estimated by titrimetric methods.

Confirmatory needle placement technique for scalene muscle block in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome.

Scalene muscle block is often performed to assist with the clinical differentiation of primary sources of pain and weakness in the upper limb when the differential diagnosis includes thoracic outlet syndrome. This presentation offers a simple clinical method to assess needle placement in the scalene muscle before an injection of local anesthetic which, if properly placed, weakens the scalene muscle and often leads to temporary relief of symptoms associated with neurovascular compression. An appropriate scalene block response provides assistance with medical decision making.