Tracking gaseous radioactivity through a spallation neutron source from origin to discharge.

An exercise has been carried out at the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source to track quantitatively the progress of radioactive air all the way from the machine areas where gaseous radioactivity is generated to the discharge stack from which gaseous radioactivity is vented to atmosphere. Calculations and measurements have been found to agree to within a factor ∼2, which is regarded as satisfactory in view of the many uncertainties involved and the approximations and assumptions that have had to be made in order to make the exercise tractable. A satisfying corollary is that the entire 'life cycle' of gaseous activity within ISIS, from generation through to discharge, is well understood.

Delivery of evidence-based critical care practices across the United Kingdom: A UK-wide multi-site service evaluation in adult units.

Background: The ICU Liberation Bundle was developed to improve outcomes for patients admitted to critical care. Despite a lack of Bundle adoption in the UK, the individual evidence-based practices (EBPs) within the bundle are defined as standards of care by the UK Intensive Care Society. There are limited data on the delivery of these EBPs.

Reflecting on Experiences of Senior Medical Students' External Clinical Teaching Visits in General Practice Placements: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Australian general practice training uses external clinical teaching (ECT) visits for formative work-based assessments. ECT visits appoint senior general-practitioners (GPs) observe trainee GPs' consultations, provide feedback, and make performance-enhancing recommendations. As ECT visits are one of the best assessment tools in Australian GP training, there is limited evidence of its use in undergraduate teaching.

Is RANKL a potential molecular target in osteoarthritis?

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of joints, in which the bone under the articular cartilage undergoes increased remodelling activity. The question is whether a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of bone remodelling can predict disease-modifying treatments.

Design: This review summarises the current understanding of the aetiology of OA, with an emphasis on events in the subchondral bone (SCB), and the cells and cytokines involved, to seek an answer to this question.