Two Decapod Crustaceans, and , Stabilize Their Gaze Using Achromatic Visual Cues, but Not the Angle of Linearly Polarized Light.

Gaze stabilization is important to animals because it allows them to visually differentiate between their own motion relative to their environment and the motion of objects within their environment. Animals can struggle to stabilize their gaze in environments that have a high amount of visual noise. In shallow aquatic environments, such as tidal creeks, the motion of the water's surface can create dynamic spatiotemporal fluctuations in illumination referred to as "caustic flicker.

Prevalence of Incidental Breast Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Carriers of Pathogenic Germline Variants Undergoing Risk-Reducing Mastectomy.

Background/aim: Precursor lesions, including B3 lesions of uncertain malignant potential, preinvasive lesions such as ductal carcinoma (DCIS), and invasive lesions identified in the breast tissue of carriers of pathogenic germline variants undergoing risk-reducing breast surgery, have received limited attention to date. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and histopathological features of these lesions, considering their genetic, demographic, and radiological characteristics.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective monocentric cohort study analyzing 169 healthy women and patients after previous breast cancer who carried pathogenic germline variants in , and .

Emerging frontiers in visual ecology.

Visual ecology, the study of how animals acquire and respond to visual information in nature, has grown rapidly over the past few decades. Research in this field has transformed our understanding of fundamental processes, such as the neurobiological basis of behavior and the diversification of species through sensory drive. The recent growth in the field has been accompanied by leaps in our understanding of the diversity of visual systems and in the development of novel technologies and techniques (for example, those allowing us to measure scenes and signals).

The impact of viral evolution on vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.

In order to stay circulating in the human population over many years, viruses need to adapt to the environment, mainly to the host's immune response, allowing for reinfection despite preexisting immunity. These different viral strategies are clearly important for guiding vaccine design. SARS-CoV-2 is no exception, using three main strategies to avoid protective and long-lived antibody responses: one very common and two rather unique tactics, consisting of 1) random mutation to partially escape existing antibody responses, 2) increasing affinity of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein to it's receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), and 3) diluting out neutralizing epitopes on the viral surface to avoid strong and enduring antibody responses.

Engineered CD4 TCR T cells with conserved high-affinity TCRs targeting NY-ESO-1 for advanced cellular therapies in cancer.

While cancer immunotherapy has primarily focused on CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells are increasingly recognized for their role in antitumor immunity. The allele is found in 50% of Caucasians. In this study, we screened patients with melanoma for tumor-specific CD4 T cells and identified robust New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1)/ CD4 T cell activity in both peripheral blood and tumor tissue.