Food impacts on species extinction risks can vary by three orders of magnitude.

Agriculturally driven habitat degradation and destruction is the biggest threat to global biodiversity. Yet the impact of different foods and where they are produced on species extinction risks, and the mitigation potential of different interventions, remain poorly quantified. Here we link the LIFE biodiversity metric-a high-resolution global layer describing the marginal impact of land use on extinctions of ~30,000 vertebrate species-with food consumption and production data and provenance modelling.

Toll-like receptor 4 induces trained innate immune tolerance in the heart in a model of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.

Aims: Although the ability of the heart to adapt to environmental stress has been studied extensively, the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for cardioprotection are not yet fully understood. In this study, we sought to elucidate these mechanisms for cytoprotection using a model of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods And Results: We administered Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or diluent to wild-type mice and assessed for cardioprotection against injury from a high intraperitoneal dose of isoproterenol (ISO) administered 7 days later.

Health Status Outcomes With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in ISCHEMIA.

Background: In ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches), an invasive strategy demonstrated better health status outcomes than a conservative strategy in patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD). Some previous studies have shown greater health status benefits with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether the health status benefits of invasive management in ISCHEMIA were driven primarily by participants treated with CABG is unknown.

Chronic overlapping pain conditions in individuals with active opioid use disorder: a descriptive study of syringe program participants.

Background: Comorbidity between opioid use disorder (OUD) and chronic pain is substantial. Pain has been shown to be a motivator for OUD onset, maintenance, relapse, and treatment delay. A cluster of pain conditions known as chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs), also now referred to in contemporary ICD classification as primary pain conditions, are particularly refractory to traditional forms of pain treatment, and likely adversely impact comorbid OUD.

Spatial Gradient of Axon Terminal Maturation Reveals the Sequential Active Zone Assembly in Adult Mushroom Bodies.

Presynaptic active zones (AZs) form during synaptogenesis and are critical for ensuring precise synaptic transmission. Although much is known about the development of AZs at the neuromuscular junction, their assembly in the central nervous system (CNS) remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate the mushroom body α/β Kenyon cells in young adults in which new AZs are continuously formed, as a novel system to dissect the sequential AZ assembly in the CNS.