Effects of protein intake on IGF1 and ROP.

BackgroundInsulin-like growth factor 1 has been implicated in neural and retinal cell maturation. Optimizing insulin-like growth factor 1 may prevent morbidities, like retinopathy of prematurity. Our objective was to determine the effects of higher protein in parenteral nutrition for very low birth weight infants on insulin-like growth factor 1 and retinopathy of prematurity.

Cerebral Autoregulation and Optimal Blood Pressure from Birth to Surgery in Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease.

Increased time to surgery has been correlated with increasing cerebral fractional oxygen extraction without compensatory increase in cerebral blood flow in neonates with critical congenital heart disease (cCHD) suggesting an overwhelmed cerebral autoregulation system. Autoregulation analysis can provide precision targets such as optimal blood pressure but it remains unclear how autoregulation evolves in days preceding surgery. Our hypothesis is that longer wait times between birth and surgery are associated with increasing periods of impaired autoregulation.

Clinician perspectives concerning the treatment of adolescents with co-occurring chronic pain and mental health symptoms.

Pain and mental health symptoms frequently co-occur in adolescents, often posing physical, social, and emotional challenges. While previous research has focused on clinician perspectives on chronic pain in isolation, limited knowledge exists on the potential unique challenges these co-occurring symptoms' present to clinicians in providing appropriate support to adolescents. This study examined clinician perspectives on the challenges and barriers to treating adolescents who experience co-occurring pain and mental health symptoms.

Mapping of validated apathy scales onto the apathy diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders.

Background: Diagnostic criteria for apathy in neurocognitive disorders (DCA-NCD) have recently been updated.

Objectives: We investigated whether validated scales measuring apathy severity capture the three dimensions of the DCA-NCD (diminished initiative, diminished interest, diminished emotional expression).

Measurements: Degree of mapping ("not at all", "weakly", or "strongly") between items on two commonly used apathy scales, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician (NPI-C) apathy and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), with the DCA-NCD overall and its 3 dimensions was evaluated by survey.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning; consensus definitions of poisoning types and outcomes to be used in the clinical toxicology recommendations collaborative systematic review.

Introduction: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is common, and many publications describe various outcomes and treatments. As internationally agreed definitions are non-existent to describe patterns of paracetamol overdose (acute, repeated supratherapeutic, chronic, or staggered), it is difficult to analyze outcomes between studies. The Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative was tasked to provide guidance on the management of paracetamol poisoning and formed the Paracetamol Workgroup.