Comparative efficacy of electrical stimulation therapies for obstructive sleep apnea: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS), submental electrical stimulation (SMES), and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on key outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: A network meta-analysis was conducted using data from 12 randomized controlled trials involving 677 OSA patients. Trials were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2024.