The propensity for covalent organic frameworks to template polymer entanglement.

The introduction of molecularly woven three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF) crystals into polymers of varying types invokes different forms of contact between filler and polymer. Whereas the combination of woven COFs with amorphous and brittle polymethyl methacrylate results in surface interactions, the use of the liquid-crystalline polymer polyimide induces the formation of polymer-COF junctions. These junctions are generated by the threading of polymer chains through the pores of the nanocrystals, thus allowing for spatial arrangement of polymer strands.

Hydrazine-Hydrazide-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting.

We report a postsynthetic strategy and its implementation to make covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with irreversible hydrazide linkages. This involved the synthesis of three 2D and 3D hydrazine-linked frameworks and their partial oxidation. The linkage synthesis and functional group transformation-hydrazine and hydrazide-were evidenced by N multi-CP-MAS NMR.

Telepsychiatry for Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Purpose: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged from Wuhan, China, causing a pandemic. Access to outpatient psychiatric care was limited. We conducted a pilot study of telepsychiatry during a national shutdown.

[DOES A PRISONER HAVE THE RIGHT TO AUTONOMY? A CASE REPORT].

The case presented discusses a prisoner, Y, in his mid-sixties with longstanding medical conditions, who was sentenced to prolonged incarceration. Y refused conventional medicine because he believed that his medical condition was exacerbated by this treatment and only complementary alternative medicine (CAM) would be helpful. He therefore demanded to be treated only by CAM.

3D Covalent Organic Frameworks Selectively Crystallized through Conformational Design.

We present a strategy whereby selective formation of imine covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on linking of triangles and squares into the topology was achieved by the conformational design of the building units. 1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TTFB, triangle) and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)ethene (ETTA, square) were reticulated into [(TTFB)(ETTA)], termed COF-790, which was fully characterized by spectroscopic, microscopic, and X-ray diffraction techniques. COF-790 exhibits permanent porosity and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 2650 m g.

Design of higher valency in covalent organic frameworks.

The valency (connectivity) of building units in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has been primarily 3 and 4, corresponding to triangles and squares or tetrahedrons, respectively. We report a strategy for making COFs with valency 8 (cubes) and "infinity" (rods). The linker 1,4-boronophenylphosphonic acid-designed to have boron and phosphorus as an isoelectronic combination of carbon-group elements-was condensed into a porous, polycubane structure (BP-COF-) formulated as (-BPO-)(-CH-) It was characterized by x-ray powder diffraction techniques, which revealed cubes linked with phenyls.

Standard Practices of Reticular Chemistry.

Reticular chemistry is a growing field of science with a multitude of practitioners with diverse frames of thinking, making the need for standard practices and quality indicators ever more compelling.

Molecular Recognition and Cocrystallization of Methylated and Halogenated Fragments of Danicalipin A by Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cage Receptors.

Enantiopure ()- and ()-configured alleno-acetylenic cage (AAC) receptors offer a highly defined interior for the complexation and structure elucidation of small molecule fragments of the stereochemically complex chlorosulfolipid danicalipin A. Solution (NMR), solid state (X-ray), and theoretical investigations of the formed host-guest complexes provide insight into the conformational preferences of 14 achiral and chiral derivatives of the danicalipin A chlorohydrin core in a confined, mostly hydrophobic environment, extending previously reported studies in polar solvents. The conserved binding mode of the guests permits deciphering the effect of functional group replacements on Gibbs binding energies Δ.

Reticulating 1D Ribbons into 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks by Imine and Imide Linkages.

The design and synthesis of 2D and 3D crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from macromolecular and even infinite building units is largely undeveloped. Here, we report a strategy to link molecules and 1D ribbons into 2D cystalline frameworks. Triangular, tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TAA), and square, 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(-formylphenyl)pyrene (TFPPy), organic building units are joined substoichiometrically by imine linkages to produce 1D ribbons, termed COF-76, bearing free amines, which are then used to link the ribbons into 2D frameworks COF-77 and COF-78.

Case-Control Retrospective Study of Child Sexual Abuse History among Psychiatric Consultations in a General Hospital Emergency Room.

Background: A history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been linked to a variety of physical and psychiatric illnesses, including ischemic heart disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of past CSA and re-traumatization among hospital psychiatric consultations and to determine whether a CSA group in a hospital setting shared characteristics with community samples described in the literature.

Methods: We divided 228 consecutive psychiatric consultations into two groups.

Hydrogen-Bonded Networks: Molecular Recognition of Cyclic Alcohols in Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cage Receptors.

Enantiopure (P) - and (M) -alleno-acetylenic cage (AAC) receptors form circular fourfold hydrogen-bonding networks in their closed cage conformation. Theoretical studies reveal a preferential clockwise (cw) orientation of the H-bonding array for (P) -configured and counterclockwise (ccw) for (M) -configured receptors (ΔE =-2.6 to -3.

Alcohol Related Harm: Knowledge Assessment of Medical and Nursing Staff in a General Hospital.

Background: The prevalence of alcohol related harm (ARH) in Israel has traditionally been low. The lack of familiarity with ARH may derive from the fact that in the past there was limited clinical exposure to these harms. However, ARH is becoming more common in Israel but it is unclear whether the medical and nursing workforce's knowledge is adequate to manage these problems.

Psychopathology of Israeli Soldiers Presenting to a General Hospital Emergency Department: Lessons for the Attending Physician and Psychiatrist.

Background: There is scant research on the psychopathology of Israeli soldiers who present to a general hospital emergency department (ED).

Objectives: To assess the psychopathology among a cohort of Israeli soldiers who presented to a general hospital ED for mental health assessment.

Methods: The demographic and clinical characteristics of 124 consecutive soldiers who presented to the ED for psychiatric assessment between January 2008 and September 2012 were reviewed.

Complexation and Structure Elucidation of the Axial Conformers of Mono- and (±)--1,2-Disubstituted Cyclohexanes by Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cage Receptors.

Single crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful method to unambiguously characterize the structure of molecules with atomic resolution. Herein, we review the molecular recognition of the (di)axial conformers of Mono- and (±)-trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes by enantiopure alleno-acetylenic cage receptors in solution and in the solid state. Single crystals of the host-guest complexes suitable for X-ray diffraction allow for the first time to study the dihedral angles of a series of Mono- and (±)-trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes in their (di)axial chair conformation.

Molecular Recognition with Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands: Switching, Halogen-Bonded Capsules, and Enantioselective Complexation.

The development of synthetic host-guest chemistry to investigate and quantify weak, non-covalent interactions has been key to unraveling the complexity of molecular recognition in chemical and biological systems. Macrocycles have shown great utility in the design of receptors, enabling the development of highly preorganized structures. Among macrocycles, resorcin[4]arene-based cavitands have become privileged scaffolds due to their synthetic tunability, which allows access to structures with precisely defined geometries, as well as receptors that display conformational switching between two distinct states with a large difference in guest-binding properties.

Dispersion and Halogen-Bonding Interactions: Binding of the Axial Conformers of Monohalo- and (±)-trans-1,2-Dihalocyclohexanes in Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cages.

Enantiopure alleno-acetylenic cage (AAC) receptors with a resorcin[4]arene scaffold, from which four homochiral alleno-acetylenes converge to shape a cavity closed by a four-fold OH-hydrogen-bonding array, form a highly ordered porous network in the solid state. They enable the complexation and co-crystallization of otherwise non-crystalline small molecules. This paper analyzes the axial conformers of monohalo- and (±)-trans-1,2-dihalocyclohexanes, bound in the interior cavity of the AACs, on the atomic level in the solid state and in solution, accompanied by accurate calculations.

Alleno-Acetylenic Cage (AAC) Receptors: Chiroptical Switching and Enantioselective Complexation of trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane in a Diaxial Conformation.

Four enantiopure 1,3-diethynylallenes (DEAs) with OH termini were attached to the rim of a resorcin[4]arene cavitand. The system undergoes conformational switching between a cage form, closed by a circular H-bonding array, and an open form, with the tertiary alcohol groups reaching outwards. The cage form is predominant in apolar solvents, and the open conformation in small, polar solvents.

Update on hormesis and its relation to homeopathy.

Introduction: Hormesis is a dose-response relationship characterized by a biphasic dose response to stressors with a low dose stimulation and a high dose inhibition. The first systematic description of hormesis appeared toward the close of the 18th century by the German pharmacology professor Hugo Schulz. The stressor agent can be any agent or factor capable of causing a deleterious effect.

[Martin Heidegger, beneficence, health, and evidence based medicine--contemplations regarding ethics and complementary and alternative medicine].

Beneficence is considered a core principle of medical ethics. Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is used almost synonymously with beneficence and has become the gold standard of efficiency of conventional medicine. Conventional modern medicine and EBM in particular are based on what Heidegger called calculative thinking, whereas complementary medicine (CM) is often based on contemplative thinking according to Heidegger's distinction of different thinking processes.