Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease.

(1) Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) of the head and neck is a rare but difficult diagnosis due to mostly absent pulmonary involvement and high clinical resemblance to neoplastic or chronic inflammatory conditions. This diagnosis still poses a challenge for otorhinolaryngologists, due to non-specific symptoms and the low index of suspicion in non-endemic regions. (2) Methods: This study presents a retrospective review of nine cases of head and neck EPTB diagnosed at two regional hospitals in southern Romania.

ATRX, OLIG2, MGMT, and IDH2 in Glioblastoma: Essential Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Significance.

: Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumors, characterized by high heterogeneity, invasive growth, and resistance to conventional therapies. The 2021 WHO classification highlights the importance of molecular diagnostics, integrating genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic alterations alongside histological and immunohistochemical criteria. : Key molecular regulators, including ATRX, OLIG2, MGMT, and IDH2, play critical roles in chromatin remodeling, transcriptional reprogramming, DNA repair, and metabolic adaptation.

Castleman disease as the great mimicker: the role of complex morpho-pathological evaluation.

Castleman disease (CD) is a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes (LNs) and a wide range of symptoms. Only a few cases are found in the head and neck. Based on clinical presentation and evolution, the disease can be classified into two main subtypes: unicentric CD (UCD), characterized by the enlargement of a single LN or a single LN chain, and multicentric CD (MCD), characterized by the involvement of multiple LNs and regions, with more important systemic symptoms and a poor prognosis.

The Glioblastoma CircularRNAome.

Glioblastoma remains one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain, warranting new methods for early diagnosis and more efficient treatment options. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are rather new entities with increased stability compared to their linear counterparts that interact with proteins and act as microRNA sponges, among other functions. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the recently described glioblastoma-related circRNAs in the literature, focusing on their roles on glioblastoma cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance.

Abberant Immunohistochemical Expression of OCT3/4 and EMT Related Markers, Vimentin and E-cadherin, is Correlated with Adverse Histopathological Features in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Although clinical management for colorectal cancer has been markedly improved, it is faced with a growing incidence among the young and among those in developing nations. Furthermore, diagnosis occurs mostly in advanced stages, when the therapeutic resources are limited. Therefore we need new biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutic targets.

A clinical case of recurrent episcleritis as the initial manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a type of small-sized blood vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the upper airways, lungs and kidneys and associates with the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Nevertheless, any organ of the body can be affected by GPA, including the eye. Occasionally, ocular involvement can be the initial manifestation, thus representing an essential clue for the physician in the early diagnosis of the disease.

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Related to Prognostic in Colon Adenocarcinoma.

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains an important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism, promoting not only the invasive or metastatic phenotype but also resistance to therapy. Using bioinformatics approaches, we studied the alteration on EMT related genes and its implication on COAD prognostic based on public datasets.

A Comprehensive Review on MAPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are found in various diseases, including cancer, as a result of genetic and epigenetic changes. Numerous studies focused on both the homeostatic and the pathologic conduct of MAPK signaling; however, there is still much to be deciphered in terms of regulation and action models in both preclinical and clinical research.

The importance of a multidisciplinary team in rectal cancer management.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the interval between surgery and adjuvant treatments regarding the overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients from a developing country. For stages II and III rectal cancer, international guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regardless of the tumor location. In the developing countries there is a shortage of radiotherapy centers, specialists, which lead to long waiting lists for radiotherapy.