A mast cell receptor mediates post-stroke brain inflammation via a dural-brain axis.

The immune environment surrounding the brain plays a fundamental role in monitoring signs of injury. Insults, including ischemic stroke, can disrupt this balance and incite an exaggerated inflammatory response, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the mast-cell-specific receptor Mrgprb2 regulates post-stroke brain inflammation from the meninges.

Hemoglobin Drop is Associated with Early Post-operative Stroke Following Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease.

Background: Postoperative stroke is a potentially devastating neurological complication following surgical revascularization for Moyamoya disease. We sought to evaluate whether peri-operative hemoglobin levels were associated with the risk of early post-operative stroke following revascularization surgery in adult Moyamoya patients.

Methods: Adult patients having revascularization surgeries for Moyamoya disease between 1999-2022 were identified through single institutional retrospective review.

External assessment of preoperative scores for predicting outcome after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: Recently, two scoring systems have been developed for predicting pain-free outcomes after microvascular decompression (MVD). Evaluation of these scores on large external datasets has been limited. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the performance of published MVD scoring systems in predicting pain-free outcome.

Frailty Predicts Worse Pain Outcomes for Older TN Patients Treated with Microvascular Decompression.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating orofacial pain disorder. Recent data from a national database suggest that microvascular decompression (MVD) in frail patients is associated with more postoperative complications. However, the long-term pain outcomes for frail TN patients are not known.

Perioperative Infection After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Risk Factors, Causative Pathogens, and Long-Term Outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Nosocomial infections are the most common complication among critically ill patients and contribute to poor long-term outcomes. Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are highly susceptible to perioperative infections, yet it is unclear what factors influence infection onset and functional recovery. The objective was to investigate risk factors for perioperative infections after aSAH and relate causative pathogens to patient outcomes.

Hypothermia is Associated with Improved Neurological Outcomes After Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the second leading cause of death globally. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has improved patient prognosis but expedient treatment is still necessary to minimize anoxic injury. Lower intraoperative body temperature decreases cerebral oxygen demand, but the role of hypothermia in treatment of AIS with MT is unclear.

Venous thromboembolism in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Risk factors and timing of chemoprophylaxis.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among patients recovering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Prophylactic heparin reduces the risk of VTE, but the optimal timing for its initiation among aSAH patients remains unclear.

Objective: To conduct a retrospective study assessing risk factors for VTE and optimal timing of chemoprophylaxis in patients treated for aSAH.

Sex-Specific Pain Outcomes Following Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is more prevalent among women. However, while microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective long-term surgical treatment for TN, it is unclear whether it is equally efficacious for men and women. We sought to characterize the relationship between sex and pain outcomes following MVD for TN.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Better White Matter Integrity in Persons Living With HIV.

Background: Despite improved survival rates, neurocognitive impairment persists in persons living with HIV (PLWH). An active lifestyle is linked to improved cognition among PLWH, yet the neural substrates remain unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion basis spectrum imaging measure HIV-related changes in brain white matter integrity.