Gathering baseline data to assess household energy interventions' impact on indoor air quality, occupant health, and wellbeing: In2Air a non-randomized experiment.

Background: Tackling climate change, together with improving indoor air quality, offers a significant opportunity to improve residents' health and well-being. This requires the evidence base to inform an energy-efficient retrofit design.

Objectives: (i) To develop a protocol that could be implemented by local authorities across a range of housing typologies and (ii) to deploy this protocol to establish baseline conditions in  = 30 homes ahead of energy-efficient retrofitting.

European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Consensus Statement on Prehabilitation for Solid Organ Transplantation Candidates.

There is increasingly growing evidence and awareness that prehabilitation in waitlisted solid organ transplant candidates may benefit clinical transplant outcomes and improve the patient's overall health and quality of life. Lifestyle changes, consisting of physical training, dietary management, and psychosocial interventions, aim to optimize the patient's physical and mental health before undergoing surgery, so as to enhance their ability to overcome procedure-associated stress, reduce complications, and accelerate post-operative recovery. Clinical data are promising but few, and evidence-based recommendations are scarce.

Preparing European Nephrology for the next pandemic: lessons from the ERACODA collaboration.

Owing to the vulnerability of patients with chronic kidney disease to infectious diseases, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been particularly devastating for the nephrology community. Unfortunately, the possibility of future COVID-19 waves or outbreaks of other infectious diseases with pandemic potential cannot be ruled out. The nephrology community made tremendous efforts to contain the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Operation Rainbow Canada Technique for Unilateral Cleft Lip Revision.

Background: Purpose of this article is to demonstrate the "Operation Rainbow Canada" cleft lip revision technique. This is a surgical technique used by Operation Rainbow Canada on volunteer surgical missions in developing nations. We show how to convert previous Millard or straight line cleft lip repairs to a Fisher anatomic subunit repair, placing a favourable scar along the philtrum.

Organ transplants of the future: planning for innovations including xenotransplantation.

The future clinical application of animal-to-human transplantation (xenotransplantation) is of importance to society as a whole. Favourable preclinical data relevant to cell, tissue and solid organ xenotransplants have been obtained from many animal models utilizing genetic engineering and protocols of pathogen-free husbandry. Findings have reached a tipping point, and xenotransplantation of solid organs is approaching clinical evaluation, the process of which now requires close deliberation.

Temporal response of an injectable calcium phosphate material in a critical size defect.

Background: Calcium phosphate-based bone graft substitutes are used to facilitate healing in bony defects caused by trauma or created during surgery. Here, we present an injectable calcium phosphate-based bone void filler that has been purposefully formulated with hyaluronic acid to offer a longer working time for ease of injection into bony defects that are difficult to access during minimally invasive surgery.

Methods: The bone substitute material deliverability and physical properties were characterized, and in vivo response was evaluated in a critical size distal femur defect in skeletally mature rabbits to 26 weeks.

WALANT Hand Surgery Does Not Require Postoperative Opioid Pain Management.

Background: Currently, opioids are the standard of care for postoperative pain management. Avoiding unnecessary opioid exposure in patients is of current interest because of widespread abuse.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study in which wide-awake, local anesthesia, no-tourniquet (WALANT) technique was used for 94 hand/upper extremity surgical patients and compared to patient cohorts undergoing similar procedures under monitored anesthesia care.

Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the Risk of COVID-19-Related Mortality in Patients with Kidney Failure.

Background And Objectives: There is concern about potential deleterious effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with kidney failure, who often use ACEis/ARBs, are at higher risk of more severe COVID-19. However, there are no data available on the association of ACEi/ARB use with COVID-19 severity in this population.

Augmentation Mastopexy with Surgical Excision of the Lower Pole to Avoid Waterfall Deformity: A Surgical Technique and Nipple Areolar Complex Case Series.

Purpose of this article is to demonstrate a way of avoiding the waterfall deformity in augmentation mastopexy patients. We will show a case series of results and explain how this technique gives satisfying aesthetic results for patients seeking breast augmentation who also require mastopexy. We will show how addressing the breast parenchyma on the lower pole via direct excision can give reliable results and avoids the waterfall deformity.

A comprehensive evaluation of monochloramine disinfection on water quality, Legionella and other important microorganisms in a hospital.

Opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella are of significant public health concern in hospitals. Microbiological and water chemistry parameters in hot water throughout an Ohio hospital were monitored monthly before and after the installation of a monochloramine disinfection system over 16 months. Water samples from fifteen hot water sampling sites as well as the municipal water supply entering the hospital were analyzed using both culture and qPCR assays for specific microbial pathogens including Legionella, Pseudomonas spp.

Computed Tomographic Angiography Used for Localization of the Cutaneous Perforators and Selection of Anterolateral Thigh Flap "Bail-Out" Branches.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the territory supplied by the lateral circumflex femoral artery for the consistency of a proximal perforator that could be used as an alternative pedicle for the anterolateral thigh flap if a tedious intramuscular course is encountered during elevation of the perforator used to develop the initial surgical plan. It is hypothesized that a consistent "bail-out" perforator supplying the proximal thigh would facilitate a simpler anterolateral thigh flap harvest, with minimal modification to flap design.

Methods: Computed tomographic images of 9 fresh cadavers were imported using Materialize's Interactive Medical Imaging Control System software to create surface-rendered 3-dimensional reconstructions of 15 lower limbs.

Estimating Time to ESRD in Children With CKD.

Rationale & Objective: The KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guideline for chronic kidney disease (CKD) presented an international classification system that ranks patients' risk for CKD progression. Few data for children informed guideline development.

Study Design: Observational cohort study.

Aggressive Combined Medical and Surgical Management of Mucormycosis Results in Disease Eradication in 2 Pediatric Patients.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an acute, rapidly fatal, fungal infection, classically involving the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. It is an aggressive, opportunistic infection that frequently progresses to involve the orbit and cerebrum. Cerebral extension in immunocompromised patients is almost universally fatal.

The Keystone Flap-A Case Series Demonstrating Practical Design, Use, and Applications.

Introduction: The keystone design perforator island flap is a trapezoidal-shaped random perforator island flap with many advantages over primary closure, skin grafting, and other local flaps for soft tissue reconstruction commonly encountered with cancer excisions.

Methods: This case series of 39 keystone flaps in 37 patients reviews the practical design, use, and applications of the flap while highlighting certain important considerations. Keystone flaps were designed as in the original description, with a minor modification in the lower extremity where a higher flap to defect width ratio was used.

Peritoneal Dialysis Access Revision in Children: Causes, Interventions, and Outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Little published information is available about access failure in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Our objectives were to evaluate frequency, risk factors, interventions, and outcome of peritoneal dialysis access revision.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Data were derived from 824 incident and 1629 prevalent patients from 105 pediatric nephrology centers enrolled in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network Registry between 2007 and 2015.

Reverse Radial Artery Flap Perforator Anatomy and Clinical Applications.

The pedicled reverse radial forearm flap is a well-known option for the treatment of a variety of soft tissue wounds including dorsal hand wounds. We document the number, emerging diameter, length from origin, course, and location of all perforators of the radial artery in a series of 6 fresh human cadavers after whole body lead oxide and gelatin injection to confirm and comprehensively document the anatomy of the radial artery perforators. This data provide an anatomic basis for a modification to the reversed radial forearm flap used to decrease venous congestion in the postoperative period.

Peritoneal-pericardial communication in an adolescent on peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Dialysate leakage into the pericardium is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). There has been one reported pediatric case of spontaneous peritoneo-pericardial fistula in a 2-year-old boy with tissue fragility due to malnutrition and two reported adult cases in PD patients with a history of previous cardiac surgery and/or pericardiocentesis.

Case-diagnosis/treatment: We describe a 15-year-old girl with end-stage renal disease secondary to granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with recurrent pericardial effusions secondary to a peritoneo-pericardial fistula while on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD).

Low contribution of PbO2-coated lead service lines to water lead contamination at the tap.

To determine if residential water sampling corroborates the expectation that formation of stable PbO2 coatings on lead service lines (LSLs) provides an effective lead release control strategy, lead profile sampling was evaluated for eight home kitchen taps in three U.S. cities with observed PbO2-coated LSLs (Newport, Rhode Island; Cincinnati and Oakwood, Ohio).

Hepcidin and risk of anemia in CKD: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in the CKiD cohort.

Background: Hepcidin, a key iron regulatory protein, is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its role in the development and progression of the anemia of CKD in children remains poorly defined.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study in children aged 1-16 years with stage 2-4 CKD in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort (n = 133) with hepcidin measured at baseline and hemoglobin (HGB) measured annually at follow-up.

Endospore surface properties of commonly used Bacillus anthracis surrogates vary in aqueous solution.

The hydrophobic character and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of microorganisms are vital aspects of understanding their interactions with the environment. These properties are fundamental in fate-and-transport, physiological, and virulence studies, and thus integral in surrogate selection. Hydrophobic and electrostatic forces are significant contributors to particle and microorganism mobility in the environment.

Characterization of the cell surface properties of drinking water pathogens by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon and electrophoretic mobility measurements.

The surface characteristics of microbial cells directly influence their mobility and behavior within aqueous environments. The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of microbial cells impact a number of interactions and processes including aggregation, adhesion to surfaces, and stability of the cells within the aqueous environments. These cell characteristics are unique to the bacterial species and are a reflection of the large diversity of surface structures, proteins, and appendages of microorganisms.

Protein energy wasting in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: In adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a risk factor for hospitalization and death. However, PEW in children with CKD is not well characterized or defined.

Methods: Using data from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, we assessed three alternate definitions of PEW using biochemical parameters, body and muscle mass measurements, and reported appetite as described in adults: (1) a minimal PEW definition (≥2 of the four criteria); (2) a standard PEW definition (≥3 of the four criteria); (3) a modified PEW definition (≥3 of the four criteria plus a pediatric-focused criterion of short stature or poor growth).

Standard-dose versus high-dose acyclovir in children treated empirically for encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study of its use and safety.

Background: Intravenous acyclovir is the treatment of choice for herpes simplex virus encephalitis. In 2006, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its dosing recommendations for children aged 3 months to 12 years to receive high-dose acyclovir (60 mg/kg/day). The association between acyclovir dose and toxicity is unclear.

The horizontal breast reduction: Surgical tips for maintaining projection.

Reduction mammoplasty is one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons in Canada. The Wise and vertical scar techniques are two of the most commonly published and performed. Although the horizontal breast reduction is a less commonly used technique, it offers added benefits over other procedures.