Audio and linguistic prediction of objective and subjective cognition in older adults: what is the role of different prompts?

Background: Psycho-linguistic and audio data derived from speech may be useful in screening and monitoring cognitive aging. However, there are gaps in understanding the predictive value of different prompts (e.g.

Driven by rewards or punishments? Understanding real world social functioning in anxiety and depressive disorders.

Background: Social disconnection is prevalent in anxiety and depressive disorders and adversely impacts well-being. Prevailing treatment approaches assume social disconnection is a by-product of anxiety or depressive symptoms; however, social impairments often persist following symptom reduction. To advance understanding of why people with anxiety or depression experience social disconnection, we tested a framework in which daily social experiences were predicted from dispositional sensitivities to positive (rewarding) vs.

Exploring the relationship between mean performance and within-person variability on smartphone-based cognitive testing in adults across the lifespan.

Cognitive performance is classically measured through measures of central tendency. However, intraindividual cognitive variability (IIV) also holds important information about cognitive functioning. Smartphone-based ecological momentary cognitive testing (EMCT) can capture IIV across days.

The intersection of structural social factors, loneliness, and social activity in individuals with psychotic disorders.

Introduction: People with psychotic disorders are disproportionately lonely, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Structural and subjective factors determine social connectedness, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables simultaneous quantification of social activity. However, how structural factors (e.

Awareness of baseline functioning and sensitivity to improvement in older people with and without mild cognitive impairment receiving a computerized functional skills training program.

Objectives: To examine the relative ability of participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to self-assess their cognitive performance and training gains.

Design: Randomized clinical trial with baseline and post treatment objective and self -report assessments.

Setting: Multiple community centers in New York City and South Florida.

Implementation and impact of a diversity supplement repository.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) diversity supplements represent an opportunity to enhance diversity in the biomedical research workforce. Despite their potential impact, practical barriers prevent effective use of these resources. The Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (ACTRI) at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) developed and implemented of an institutional repository and support system to improve diversity supplement applications.

Dynamic influence of mood on subjective cognitive complaints in mild cognitive impairment: A time series network analysis approach.

Objectives: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are common and clinically relevant in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) but are intertwined with mood states. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) of SCC and network analyses we sought to uncover the links between mood and SCC and how these links may vary by the presence or absence of MCI.

Design: We used EMA to collect intensive longitudinal data.

Implementation and Impact of a Diversity Supplement Repository.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) diversity supplements represent an opportunity to enhance diversity in the biomedical research workforce. Despite their potential impact, practical barriers prevent effective use of these resources. The Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (ACTRI) at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) developed and implemented of an institutional repository and support system to improve diversity supplement applications.

Protocol for evaluation of iTEST, a novel blended intervention to enhance introspective accuracy in psychotic disorders.

Poor introspective accuracy (IA), defined as inaccurate judgments of one's abilities and performance, is a strong and independent predictor of functional impairment in people with psychotic disorders. However, there are currently no treatments that directly target IA in this population as a primary outcome. We describe a protocol for a clinical trial to test a newly developed blended digital intervention, Improving Thinking through Everyday SelfAssessment Training (iTEST), aimed at improving IA in people with psychotic disorders to improve functional outcomes.

MindScape Study: Integrating LLM and Behavioral Sensing for Personalized AI-Driven Journaling Experiences.

Mental health concerns are prevalent among college students, highlighting the need for effective interventions that promote self-awareness and holistic well-being. MindScape explores a novel approach to AI-powered journaling by integrating passively collected behavioral patterns such as conversational engagement, sleep, and location with Large Language Models (LLMs). This integration creates a highly personalized and context-aware journaling experience, enhancing self-awareness and well-being by embedding behavioral intelligence into AI.

Characterizing Performance on a Suite of English-Language NeuroUX Mobile Cognitive Tests in a US Adult Sample: Ecological Momentary Cognitive Testing Study.

Background: Mobile cognitive testing is growing in popularity, with numerous advantages over traditional cognitive testing; however, the field lacks studies that deeply examine mobile cognitive test data from general adult samples.

Objective: This study characterized performance for a suite of 8 mobile cognitive tests from the NeuroUX platform in a sample of US adults across the adult lifespan.

Methods: Overall, 393 participants completed 8 NeuroUX cognitive tests and a brief ecological momentary assessment survey once per day on their smartphones for 10 consecutive days; each test was administered 5 times over the testing period.

Sexual orientation moderates the association between health care utilization-related factors and mental health service nonutilization among United States military veterans.

This study examined mental health treatment nonutilization among sexual minority versus heterosexual Veterans with demonstrated psychiatric need. Data were analyzed from 820 Veterans with psychiatric need who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a nationally representative sample of U.S.

Investigating Acoustic and Psycholinguistic Predictors of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Modeling Study.

Background: About one-third of older adults aged 65 years and older often have mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Acoustic and psycho-linguistic features derived from conversation may be of great diagnostic value because speech involves verbal memory and cognitive and neuromuscular processes. The relative decline in these processes, however, may not be linear and remains understudied.

Clinical correlates of medication adherence in individuals with bipolar disorder and comorbid hypertension.

Objective: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have high rates of suboptimal medication adherence, medical illness, and premature mortality, largely from cardiovascular causes. This study examined the association between adherence to antihypertensive, adherence to BD medications, and clinical symptoms in patients with BD and comorbid hypertension (HTN). Participants were involved in an ongoing clinical trial.

Social Isolation and Serious Mental Illness: The Role of Context-Aware Mobile Interventions.

Social isolation is a common problem faced by individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), and current intervention approaches have limited effectiveness. This paper presents a blended intervention approach, called mobile Social Interaction Therapy by Exposure (mSITE), to address social isolation in individuals with serious mental illness. The approach combines brief in-person cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with context-triggered mobile CBT interventions that are personalized using mobile sensing data.

Contextual AI Journaling: Integrating LLM and Time Series Behavioral Sensing Technology to Promote Self-Reflection and Well-being using the MindScape App.

MindScape aims to study the benefits of integrating time series behavioral patterns (e.g., conversational engagement, sleep, location) with Large Language Models (LLMs) to create a new form of contextual AI journaling, promoting self-reflection and well-being.

Prevalence of prominent and predominant negative symptoms across different criteria for negative symptom severity and minimal positive symptoms: A comparison of different criteria.

Negative symptoms are a source of disability in schizophrenia, but criteria for identifying patients for clinical trials are in flux. Minimum severity for negative symptoms is paired with a definition of minimal psychosis to identify predominant negative symptoms. Two previous successful negative symptoms treatment studies used very different severity and selection criteria.

Decoding loneliness: Can explainable AI help in understanding language differences in lonely older adults?

Study Objectives: Loneliness impacts the health of many older adults, yet effective and targeted interventions are lacking. Compared to surveys, speech data can capture the personalized experience of loneliness. In this proof-of-concept study, we used Natural Language Processing to extract novel linguistic features and AI approaches to identify linguistic features that distinguish lonely adults from non-lonely adults.

Media Use and Its Associations With Paranoia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Background: Paranoia is a spectrum of fear-related experiences that spans diagnostic categories and is influenced by social and cognitive factors. The extent to which social media and other types of media use are associated with paranoia remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to examine associations between media use and paranoia at the within- and between-person levels.