Highly porous 3-D printed tritanium acetabular shell for aseptic revision total hip : Arthroplasty: minimum 2-year prospective follow up of 101 implants.

Aims: To assess the survival, complications, patient-reported outcomes and radiographic integration of the uncemented Trident II tritanium acetabular component when used for aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA).

Methods: A single-centre prospective cohort study of 101 aseptic rTHA in 100 patients was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were patients suitable for the use of the uncemented acetabular component, aged 18-95 years, willing and able to comply with the study protocol, and provide informed consent.

Enhancing Outcomes in Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Multifaceted Approach.

The prevalence of osteoarthritis continues to rise [...

Evaluating biomarkers in canine cytotoxic interface dermatitis reactions to account for clinical and histopathological similarities and differences.

Cytotoxic interface dermatitis (CID) is a pattern reaction predominantly at the dermo-epidermal junction that encapsulates numerous chronic non-communicable inflammatory skin conditions in which the basal keratinocytes are attacked by T-cell infiltrate leading to apoptosis, lymphocytic satellitosis and vacuolar degeneration. Though many diseases include CID, the type of clinical presentation and tissue patterns expressed from disease to disease varies. In this study, we evaluate the commonalities and discrepancies in significantly expressed biomarkers across several CID conditions to examine their impact on clinical presentations in canines.

Robotic Arthroplasty Clinical and cost Effectiveness Randomised controlled trial (RACER-knee): a study protocol.

Introduction: Robotic-assisted knee replacement systems have been introduced to healthcare services worldwide in an effort to improve clinical outcomes for people, although high-quality evidence that they are clinically, or cost-effective remains sparse. Robotic-arm systems may improve surgical accuracy and could contribute to reduced pain, improved function and lower overall cost of total knee replacement (TKR) surgery. However, TKR with conventional instruments may be just as effective and may be quicker and cheaper.

Plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures for delayed union and non-union is a cost-effective intervention but functional deficits persist at long-term follow-up.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare the long-term functional outcome of midshaft clavicle fracture fixation for delayed (≥3 month) and non-union (≥6 month) compared to a matched cohort of patients that achieved union with non-operative management. The secondary aim was to assess cost-effectiveness of fixation.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients over 10-years were retrospectively reviewed using the QuickDASH, Oxford Shoulder Score and EuroQol five-dimension summary index (EQ-5D).

Using Gene Expression Analysis to Understand Complex Autoimmune Skin Disease Patients: A Series of Four Canine Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Cases.

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease that occurs in almost two-thirds of people with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and can exist as its own entity. Despite its negative impact on the quality of life of patients, lupus pathogenesis is not fully understood. In recent years, the role of gene expression analysis has become important in understanding cellular functions and disease causation within and across species.

Gene Expression Analysis in Four Dogs With Canine Pemphigus Clinical Subtypes Reveals B Cell Signatures and Immune Activation Pathways Similar to Human Disease.

Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune-mediated mucocutaneous blistering diseases characterized by acantholysis. Pemphigus has also been recognized in dogs and shares similar clinical characteristics and variants with human pemphigus. While relationships between human and canine pemphigus have been reported, gene expression patterns across species have not been described in the literature.

Shared inflammatory and skin-specific gene signatures reveal common drivers of discoid lupus erythematosus in canines, humans and mice.

Autoimmune skin diseases are complex and are thought to arise from a combination of genetics and environmental exposures, which trigger an ongoing immune response against self-antigens. Companion animals including cats and dogs are known to develop inflammatory skin conditions similar to humans and share the same environment, providing opportunities to study spontaneous disease that encompasses genetic and environmental factors with a One Health approach. A strength of comparative immunology approaches is that immune profiles may be assessed across different species to better identify shared or conserved pathways that might drive inflammation.

SPARC coordinates extracellular matrix remodeling and efficient recruitment to and migration of antigen-specific T cells in the brain following infection.

Central nervous system (CNS) injury and infection can result in profound tissue remodeling in the brain, the mechanism and purpose of which is poorly understood. Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes chronic infection and inflammation in the brain parenchyma. Control of parasite replication requires the continuous presence of IFNγ-producing T cells to keep T.

Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) and vitiligo are autoimmune diseases that target melanocytes. VKH affects several organs such as the skin, hair follicle, eyes, ears, and meninges, whereas vitiligo is often limited to the skin and mucosa. Many studies have identified immune genes, pathways and cells that drive the pathogeneses of VKH and vitiligo, including interleukins, chemokines, cytotoxic T-cells, and other leukocytes.

A nanoparticle-incorporated STING activator enhances antitumor immunity in PD-L1-insensitive models of triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has few therapeutic options, and alternative approaches are urgently needed. Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is becoming an exciting target for therapeutic adjuvants. However, STING resides inside the cell, and the intracellular delivery of CDNs, such as cGAMP, is required for the optimal activation of STING.

A robust microparticle platform for a STING-targeted adjuvant that enhances both humoral and cellular immunity during vaccination.

Most FDA-approved adjuvants for infectious agents boost humoral but not cellular immunity, and have poorly-understood mechanisms. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING, also known as MITA, MPYS, or ERIS) is an exciting adjuvant target due to its role in cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-driven anti-viral immunity; however, a major hindrance is STING's cytosolic localization which requires intracellular delivery of its agonists. As a result, STING agonists administered in a soluble form have elicited suboptimal immune responses.

NLR members NLRC4 and NLRP3 mediate sterile inflammasome activation in microglia and astrocytes.

Inflammation in the brain accompanies several high-impact neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammation is sterile, as damage-associated molecular patterns rather than microbial pathogens elicit the response. The inflammasome, which leads to caspase-1 activation, is implicated in neuroinflammation.

GLT-1-Dependent Disruption of CNS Glutamate Homeostasis and Neuronal Function by the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

The immune privileged nature of the CNS can make it vulnerable to chronic and latent infections. Little is known about the effects of lifelong brain infections, and thus inflammation, on the neurological health of the host. Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that can infect any mammalian nucleated cell with average worldwide seroprevalence rates of 30%.

Antitumor activity of a polypyridyl chelating ligand: in vitro and in vivo inhibition of glioma.

Glioblastoma multiforme is an extremely aggressive and invasive form of central nervous system tumor commonly treated with the chemotherapeutic drug Temozolomide. Unfortunately, even with treatment, the median survival time is less than 12 months. 2,9-Di-sec-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline (SBP), a phenanthroline-based ligand originally developed to deliver gold-based anticancer drugs, has recently been shown to have significant antitumor activity in its own right.

Oxford shoulder score in a normal population.

Background: The function of the asymptomatic normal shoulder may differ according to gender and could also deteriorate with age. This may result in a disparity in the normal Oxford shoulder score (OSS) according to these variables. If a difference were to exist an adjusted OSS, for age and gender, could be calculated from the raw score using the expected normal score.

Selective cavitand-mediated endocytosis of targeted imaging agents into live cells.

A water-soluble synthetic receptor molecule is capable of selective, controlled endocytosis of a specifically tagged target molecule in different types of living human cells. The presence of suitable choline-derived binding handles is essential for the molecular recognition and transport process, allowing selective guest transport and imaging of cancer cells.

Medium-term results of Oxford phase-3 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To review medium-term results of 49 consecutive patients who underwent Oxford phase-3 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty by a single surgeon.

Methods: Records of 28 women (mean age, 71 years) and 21 men (mean age, 68 years) who underwent minimally invasive Oxford phase-3 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The Oxford knee score and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain and satisfaction were assessed at the latest follow-up by an independent observer, as were postoperative radiographs for implant position, osteoarthritic changes in the non-replaced compartments, and radiolucent lines of >2 mm or implant subsidence.

Skeletal growth patterns in hereditary multiple exostoses: a natural history.

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a commonly inherited musculoskeletal condition and is associated with a diminished stature. We demonstrated that adults with HME were significantly shorter when compared with a control group (P<0.001); preadolescents, however, were significantly taller than predicted (P=0.

Malignant lesions are rare in medial third of the clavicle in children: the European Juvenile Medial End of Clavicle Tumour study.

Condensing osteitis is a condition presenting to all paediatric orthopaedic services, but the prevalence of the condition and optimal management is difficult to determine from the literature. Many case reports in the orthopaedic literature describe biopsy to exclude malignancy as mandatory, whereas expert radiological opinion has suggested that lesions can be classified as typical of sclerosing osteitis on imaging alone. The aim of this study was to calculate an accurate incidence of malignancy at the medial end of the clavicle in children based on data held by national and regional cancer registries in Europe.

Shoulder exostoses in hereditary multiple exostoses: probability of surgery and malignant change.

Hypothesis: Patients with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) in association with palpable shoulder exostoses are more severely affected by their disease.

Materials And Methods: From a prospective database of 78 families with HME identified, 172 patients were identified. Demographic details, deformity, functional scores, standing height, number of exostoses, site, exostosin genotype (EXT1 and EXT2), surgical excision, and malignant change were recorded.

The metal-backed glenoid component in rheumatoid disease: eight- to fourteen-year follow-up.

Hypothesis: We believe the variable reported survivorship of the metal-backed glenoid is related to the design of the component. This study reports the outcome and survivorship of the uncemented glenoid in rheumatoid patients with an intact or repairable rotator cuff at surgery, and considers the key design features that may predict longevity of this component.

Method: Forty-six shoulders in 39 patients (31 women), with a mean age of 55 years (range, 35-86 years) received a total shoulder replacement with a screw-fixed porous coated metal-back glenoid.