Hyperglycemia worsens gut bacterial infection through intestinal Wnt, but independent of endotoxemia or obesity.

Obesity and diabetes are interlinked diseases, but it was unclear how obesity vs. diabetes modifies the risk and severity of gut bacterial infection. We aimed to determine how obesity or hyperglycemia, indicative of diabetes, altered metabolic endotoxemia and severity of enteric infection.

Gut substrate trap of D-lactate from microbiota improves blood glucose and fatty liver disease in obese mice.

L-lactate participates in metabolism, including the Cori cycle, but less is known about D-lactate. We found that circulating D-lactate was higher in humans and mice with obesity. D-lactate increased hepatic glycogen, triglycerides, and blood glucose more than equimolar L-lactate in mice.

X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Management in Adults: An International Working Group Clinical Practice Guideline.

Purpose: An international working group (IWG) consisting of experts in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) developed global guidelines providing a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to XLH diagnosis, management, and monitoring.

Methods: The IWG, consisting of 43 members as well as methodologists and a patient partner, conducted 2 systematic reviews (SRs) and narrative reviews to address key areas. The SRs addressed the impact of burosumab compared to conventional therapy (phosphate and active vitamin D) or no therapy on patient-important outcomes in adults.

Technology Use and Diabetes Management Across Elder Age Groups in Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Auto-Immune Diabetes in Adults, a BETTER Registry Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objectives: Real-world data on diabetes management among a heterogenous aging population remain limited. This study aims to provide an overview of technology use and factors associated to its use, diabetes management, and psychosocial aspects experienced by adults aged 50 and over living with type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Canadian BETTER registry, mostly based on self-reported outcomes from individuals living with type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Methodology for the international working group clinical practice guidelines on X-linked hypophosphatemia in children and adults.

The guideline panel, comprising international experts in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), patient partners from the XLH patient population, and guideline methodologists, held 18 teleconferences between January 2023 and July 2024 to develop comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of XLH in children and adults. For a subset of our questions, we utilized the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, assessed the certainty of evidence and formulated GRADEd recommendations. For these questions, the panelists and methodologists collaboratively framed PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes) questions and conducted four systematic reviews assessing the impact of medical therapy-using either burosumab or phosphate and active vitamin D-on patient-important outcomes in the XLH population as well as the impact of medical intervention compared to no treatment.

Current Practices in Monitoring Children and Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia: A Global Survey of Expert Experience.

This report provides recommendations for X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) monitoring based on current monitoring practices of experts in the management of XLH in children (<18 years) and adults. We surveyed 43 international experts in XLH to determine their monitoring practices for children and adults with XLH, including pregnant and lactating women. In the initial evaluation of children and adults with XLH, experts consistently obtain a family history of XLH or hypophosphatemia, a history of fractures and dental infections, and assess pain through age-appropriate clinical interviews or caregiver reports.

X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Management in Children: An International Working Group Clinical Practice Guideline.

Context: An International Working Group (IWG) developed new guidelines on the diagnosis, evaluation, management, and monitoring of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in children. Over the past 5 years, important advances have occurred in our understanding of the presentation, complications, and treatment of XLH.

Methods: A group of 50 international experts in XLH from Canada, the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America, along with methodology experts and a patient partner, held 18 teleconference meetings in 2023-2024.

Camu-camu decreases hepatic steatosis and liver injury markers in overweight, hypertriglyceridemic individuals: A randomized crossover trial.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the adult population with no effective drug treatments available. Previous animal studies reported that a polyphenol-rich extract from the Amazonian berry camu-camu (CC) prevented hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. This study aims to determine the impact of CC on hepatic steatosis (primary outcome) and evaluate changes in metabolic and gut microbiota profiles (exploratory outcomes).

Substituting Refined Sugars With Maple Syrup Decreases Key Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Individuals With Mild Metabolic Alterations: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Crossover Trial.

Background: Maple syrup, a minimally transformed sweetener rich in polyphenols, can exert a action and improve metabolic parameters in animal models. However, no randomized clinical trial has investigated this.

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether replacing refined sugars with an equivalent quantity of maple syrup could decrease key cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with mild metabolic alterations.

Sex-specific Associations of Aldosterone and Renin With Body Composition: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Context: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation is closely linked to obesity; however, the sex-specific associations between RAAS activity and body composition among individuals without obesity are not well understood.

Objective: To investigate the associations of aldosterone and renin with body composition according to sex in the general population.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Translational approach to establish the cardiometabolic health effects and mechanisms of action of fish nutrients-it takes a village.

People use dietary supplements to offset nutritional deficiencies and manage metabolic dysfunction. While the beneficial effect of fish proteins on glucose homeostasis is well established, the ability of fish peptides to replicate the protein findings is less clear. With financial support from a programmatic Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Team grant, we aimed to identify salmon peptide fractions (SPFs) with the potential to mitigate metabolic dysfunction.

Open-label extension of a randomized trial investigating safety and efficacy of rhPTH(1-84) in hypoparathyroidism.

Unlabelled: Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare disease, often inadequately controlled by conventional treatment. PARALLAX was a mandatory post-marketing trial assessing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different dosing regimens of recombinant human parathyroid hormone 1-84 (rhPTH[1-84]) for treating HypoPT. The present study (NCT03364738) was a phase 4, 1-yr open-label extension of PARALLAX.

Advanced glycation end products are not associated with bone mineral density, trabecular bone score, and bone turnover markers in adults with and without type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

It is unclear if AGEs are involved in the bone fragility of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated whether skin AGEs by skin autofluorescence and serum AGEs (pentosidine, carboxymethyl-lysine [CML]) are independently associated with BMD by DXA (lumbar spine, hip, distal radius), trabecular bone score (TBS), serum bone turnover markers (BTMs: CTX; P1NP; osteocalcin), and sclerostin in participants with and without T1D. Linear regression models were used, with interaction terms to test effect modification by T1D status.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is characterized by a post-oral glucose load hyperinsulinemia in individuals with mild metabolic alterations.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been identified as risk factor of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying postprandial mechanisms remain unclear. We compared the glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and insulin clearance post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between individuals with and without MAFLD. We included 50 individuals with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m and ≥1 metabolic alteration: increased fasting triglycerides or insulin, plasma glucose 5.

Comparison of Intranasal and Injectable Glucagon Administration Among Pediatric Population Responders.

Ease of use and acceptability of nasal versus injectable glucagon (IG) among pediatric responders have been little investigated. This study compared the performance of administering nasal and IG in parents of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in school workers. Enablers and barriers associated with each glucagon and preferred glucagon administration learning modality were also evaluated.

Vitamin D status and supplementation before and after Bariatric Surgery: Recommendations based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bariatric surgery is associated with a postoperative reduction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) and with skeletal complications. Currently, guidelines for 25(OH)D assessment and vitamin D supplementation in bariatric patients, pre- and post-surgery, are still lacking. The aim of this work is to analyse systematically the published experience on 25(OH)D status and vitamin D supplementation, pre- and post-surgery, and to propose, on this basis, recommendations for management.

Relationships between Obesity and Incidence of Fractures in a Middle-Aged Population: A Study from the CARTaGENE Cohort.

The association between obesity and fracture risk is complex and may vary by definition of obesity, skeletal site, and sex. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between obesity, defined using body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC), and fracture incidence at any site and by skeletal site (i.e.

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the adult Inuit population of Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada).

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of arterial hypertension among Inuit adults living in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada) in 2017 and identify its sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants.

Methods: We used data obtained from 1177 Inuit adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the cross-sectional Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey during late summer-early fall of 2017. Resting blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric characteristics were measured during a clinical session, while sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits were documented using validated questionnaires.