Metabolism disrupting effects in human pre-adipocytes: Influence of donor sex and body composition.

There is growing attention on the global, worsening rates of metabolic disorders, including obesity. Numerous attempted interventions have provided only modest effects, with current rates of obesity in the United States remaining high (e.g.

Effects of organic and inorganic contaminants and their mixtures on metabolic health and gene expression in developmentally exposed zebrafish.

Organic and inorganic chemicals co-occur in household dust, and these chemicals have been reported to have endocrine and metabolic disrupting effects. Although there is increasing study of chemical mixtures, the effects of complex mixtures representing concentrations found in household dust and other environmental matrices have not been well studied and their potential metabolism disrupting effects are thus poorly understood. Previous research has demonstrated high potency adipogenic effects of residential household dust extracts using in vitro adipogenesis assays.

Effects of organic and inorganic contaminants and their mixtures on metabolic health and gene expression in developmentally exposed zebrafish.

Organic and inorganic chemicals co-occur in household dust, and these chemicals have been determined to have endocrine and metabolic disrupting effects. While there is increasing study of chemical mixtures, the effects of complex mixtures mimicking household dust and other environmental matrices have not been well studied and their potential metabolism disrupting effects are thus poorly understood. Previous research has demonstrated high potency adipogenic effects of residential household dust extracts using adipogenesis assays.

Evidence for widespread human exposure to food contact chemicals.

Background: Over 1800 food contact chemicals (FCCs) are known to migrate from food contact articles used to store, process, package, and serve foodstuffs. Many of these FCCs have hazard properties of concern, and still others have never been tested for toxicity. Humans are known to be exposed to FCCs via foods, but the full extent of human exposure to all FCCs is unknown.

In vitro endocrine and cardiometabolic toxicity associated with artificial turf materials.

Artificial turf, a consumer product growing in usage in the United States, contains diverse chemicals, some of which are endocrine disruptive. Endocrine effects from turf material extracts have been primarily limited to one component, crumb rubber, of these multi-material products. We present in vitro bioactivities from non-weathered and weathered turf sample extracts, including multiple turf components.

IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Evidence for reproductive health effects following exposure to hydraulic fracturing chemical mixtures.

In Brief: Unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) operations, particularly hydraulic fracturing, have revolutionized oil and gas production, using and containing complex mixtures of chemicals that may impact reproductive health. While there is growing evidence for effects on births in hydraulic fracturing/UOG regions and good mechanistic evidence for potential reproductive toxicity, there is much research still needed to make firm conclusions about these practices and reproductive health.

Abstract: Unconventional oil and natural gas (UOG) operations have emerged over the last four decades to transform oil and gas production in the United States and globally by unlocking previously inaccessible hydrocarbon deposits.

Molecular Assessment of Proadipogenic Effects for Common-Use Contraceptives and Their Mixtures.

Hormonal contraceptives are widely prescribed due to their effectiveness and convenience and have become an integral part of family planning strategies worldwide. In the United States, approximately 65% of reproductive-aged women are estimated to be using contraceptive options, with approximately 33% using one or a combination of hormonal contraceptives. While these methods have undeniably contributed to improved reproductive health, recent studies have raised concerns regarding their potential effect on metabolic health.

The Conflict between Regulatory Agencies over the 20,000-Fold Lowering of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for Bisphenol A (BPA) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Background: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended lowering their estimated tolerable daily intake (TDI) for bisphenol A (BPA) 20,000-fold to . BPA is an extensively studied high production volume endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with a vast array of diseases. Prior risk assessments of BPA by EFSA as well as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have relied on industry-funded studies conducted under good laboratory practice protocols (GLP) requiring guideline end points and detailed record keeping, while also claiming to examine (but rejecting) thousands of published findings by academic scientists.

Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes and related compounds in house dust and their correlations with other organic contaminant classes.

Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs and are implicated in the literature as potentially allergenic. In the indoor environment, these dyes may be shed from various textiles, including clothing and upholstery and accumulate in dust particles potentially leading to exposure in young children who have higher exposure to chemicals associated with dust due to their crawling and mouthing behaviors. Children may be more vulnerable to dye exposure due to their developing immune systems, and therefore, it is critical to characterize azobenzene disperse dyes in children's home environments.

The regulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to minimize their impact on health.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances generated by human industrial activities that are detrimental to human health through their effects on the endocrine system. The global societal and economic burden posed by EDCs is substantial. Poorly defined or unenforced policies can increase human exposure to EDCs, thereby contributing to human disease, disability and economic damage.

Complex Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Evaluating Combined Chemical Exposures and Cumulative Toxicity.

The problem of chemical mixtures in the environment encompasses biological, analytical, logistical, and regulatory challenges, among others [...

Cetyl Alcohol Polyethoxylates Disrupt Metabolic Health in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish.

Alcohol polyethoxylates (AEOs), such as cetyl alcohol ethoxylates (CetAEOs), are high-production-volume surfactants used in laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, pesticide formulations, textile production, oils, paints, and other products. AEOs have been suggested as lower toxicity replacements for alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), such as the nonylphenol and octylphenol polyethoxylates. We previously demonstrated that nonylphenol polyethoxylates induced triglyceride accumulation in several in vitro adipogenesis models and promoted adiposity and increased body weights in developmentally exposed zebrafish.

Adipogenic and endocrine disrupting mixture effects of organic and inorganic pollutant mixtures.

Chronic health conditions are rapidly increasing in prevalence and cost to society worldwide: in the US, >42 % of adults aged 20 and older are currently classified as obese. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been implicated as a causal factor; some EDCs, termed "obesogens", can increase weight and lipid accumulation and/or perturb metabolic homeostasis. This project aimed to assess the potential combination effects of diverse inorganic and organic contaminant mixtures, which more closely reflect environmentally realistic exposures, on nuclear receptor activation/inhibition and adipocyte differentiation.

The Pediatrician's Role in Protecting Children from Environmental Hazards.

Children suffer disproportionately from disease and disability due to environmental hazards, for reasons rooted in their biology. The contribution is substantial and increasingly recognized, particularly due to ever-increasing awareness of endocrine disruption. Regulatory actions can be traced directly to reductions in toxic exposures, with tangible benefits to society.

Exposure to a mixture of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances modulates pulmonary expression of ACE2 and circulating hormones and cytokines.

Genetic and environmental factors impact on the interindividual variability of susceptibility to communicable and non-communicable diseases. A class of ubiquitous chemicals, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked in epidemiological studies to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to viral infections, but possible mechanisms are not well elucidated. To begin to gain insight into the role of PFAS in susceptibility to one such viral infection, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), male and female C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to control water or a mixture of 5 PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, Genx) for 12 weeks and lungs were isolated for examination of expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and others.

Correction: Kassotis et al. Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish. 2022, , 99.

In the original publication [...

Systematic evidence on migrating and extractable food contact chemicals: Most chemicals detected in food contact materials are not listed for use.

Food packaging is important for today's globalized food system, but food contact materials (FCMs) can also be a source of hazardous chemicals migrating into foodstuffs. Assessing the impacts of FCMs on human health requires a comprehensive identification of the chemicals they contain, the food contact chemicals (FCCs). We systematically compiled the "database on migrating and extractable food contact chemicals" (FCCmigex) using information from 1210 studies.

On the Utility of ToxCast-Based Predictive Models to Evaluate Potential Metabolic Disruption by Environmental Chemicals.

Background: Research suggests environmental contaminants can impact metabolic health; however, high costs prohibit screening of putative metabolic disruptors. High-throughput screening programs, such as ToxCast, hold promise to reduce testing gaps and prioritize higher-order () testing.

Objectives: We sought to ) examine the concordance of testing in 3T3-L1 cells to a targeted literature review for 38 semivolatile environmental chemicals, and ) assess the predictive utility of various expert models using ToxCast data against the set of 38 reference chemicals.

Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens.

Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions.

There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health.

Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish.

Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), are high-production-volume surfactants used in laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, pesticide formulations, textile production, oils, paints, and other products. NPEOs comprise -80% of the total production of APEOs and are widely reported across diverse environmental matrices. Despite a growing push for replacement products, APEOs continue to be released into the environment through wastewater at significant levels.

Characterization of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances Present in Commercial Anti-fog Products and Their Adipogenic Activity.

Anti-fog sprays and solutions are used on eyeglasses to minimize the condensation of water vapor, particularly while wearing a mask. Given their water-repellent properties, we sought to characterize per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) compounds in four anti-fog spray products, five anti-fog cloth products, and two commercial fluorosurfactant formulations suspected to be used in preparing anti-fog products. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) and fluorotelomer ethoxylates (FTEOs) were detected in all products and formulations.