Multiple Pathways of Visual Adaptations for Water Column Usage in an Antarctic Adaptive Radiation.

Evolutionary transitions in water column usage have played a major role in shaping ray-finned fish diversity. However, the extent to which vision-associated trait complexity and water column usage is coupled remains unclear. Here we investigated the relationship between depth niche, eye size, and the molecular basis of light detection across the Antarctic notothenioid adaptive radiation.

Deville rebooted - practical NO synthesis.

Dinitrogen pentoxide (NO), the anhydride of nitric acid, was synthesised by Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville in Paris in 1849 using silver nitrate and chlorine gas. Herein, we revisit, optimise, and modify Deville's method using photocatalysis to enable a safe, clean, practical, and reproducible alternative for NO synthesis in quantitative yields. Moreover, it is predicted that the modifications can accommodate an industrial scale-up, but the silver chloride generated must be recycled.

Scrolling in Supramolecular Gels: A Designer's Guide.

Gelation by small molecules is a topic of enormous importance in catalysis, nanomaterials, drug delivery, and pharmaceutical crystallization. The mechanism by which gelators self-organize into a fibrous gel network is poorly understood. Herein, we describe the crystal structures and gelation properties of a library of bis(urea) compounds and show, via molecular dynamics simulations, how gelator aggregation progresses from a continuous pattern of supramolecular motifs to a homogeneous fiber network.

6-hydroxydopamine affects multiple pathways to induce cytotoxicity in differentiated LUHMES dopaminergic neurons.

The debilitating effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) progress over time and are pathophysiologically characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies due to the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates resulting in the death of dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, we determined cell death pathways activated by acute exposure to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in differentiated LUHMES cells empirically followed by a 24 h toxin free interval, henceforth termed as washout/recovery period. Acute 6-OHDA exposure led to morphological changes in LUHMES cells and resulted in significant loss of neurite length and neurite thickness.

Periodic Environmental Disturbance Drives Repeated Ecomorphological Diversification in an Adaptive Radiation of Antarctic Fishes.

AbstractThe ecological theory of adaptive radiation has profoundly shaped our conceptualization of the rules that govern diversification. However, while many radiations follow classic early-burst patterns of diversification as they fill ecological space, the longer-term fates of these radiations depend on many factors, such as climatic stability. In systems with periodic disturbances, species-rich clades can contain nested adaptive radiations of subclades with their own distinct diversification histories, and how adaptive radiation theory applies in these cases is less clear.

Augmented Reality-Assisted Design of Local Flaps: A New Practical and Educational Tool in the Field of Plastic Surgery.

Augmented reality (AR) is a new and promising technology that has been incorporated into several aspects of our everyday life, including surgery. Examples of its application throughout various fields of surgery, although most of them are in experimental stage, have already been demonstrated and published. In this article, we describe the utilization of AR to design effectively and accurately surgical flap markings just with the help of an AR-compatible mobile phone and a low-cost application.

Pharmacist Interventions for Medication Adherence: Community Guide Economic Reviews for Cardiovascular Disease.

Introduction: Adherence to medications for cardiovascular disease and its risk factors is less than optimal, although greater adherence to medication has been shown to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This paper examines the economics of tailored pharmacy interventions to improve medication adherence for cardiovascular disease prevention and management.

Methods: Literature from inception of databases to May 2019 was searched, yielding 29 studies for cardiovascular disease prevention and 9 studies for cardiovascular disease management.

Systematic Review of Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring With Support: Intervention Effectiveness and Cost.

Introduction: Self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support is an evidence-based intervention that helps patients control their blood pressure. This systematic economic review describes how certain intervention aspects contribute to effectiveness, intervention cost, and intervention cost per unit of the effectiveness of self-measured blood pressure monitoring with support.

Methods: Papers published between data inception and March 2021 were identified from a database search and manual searches.

Phylogenomic Species Delimitation Dramatically Reduces Species Diversity in an Antarctic Adaptive Radiation.

Application of genetic data to species delimitation often builds confidence in delimitations previously hypothesized using morphological, ecological, and geographic data and frequently yields recognition of previously undescribed cryptic diversity. However, a recent critique of genomic data-based species delimitation approaches is that they have the potential to conflate population structure with species diversity, resulting in taxonomic oversplitting. The need for an integrative approach to species delimitation, in which molecular, morphological, ecological, and geographic lines of evidence are evaluated together, is becoming increasingly apparent.

Lilypad aggregation: localised self-assembly and metal sequestration at a liquid-vapour interface.

Spatially resolved soft materials, such as vesicles and microgels, have shown promise as selective adsorbents and microscale reaction vessels. However, spatiotemporal control of aggregation can be difficult to achieve. In this study, nickel(ii) chloride and a dipyridyl oligo(urea) ligand were combined in a vapour-diffusion setup to produce a localised spheroidal aggregate at the liquid-vapour interface.

High-Yielding Flow Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Molecular Hinge.

Many molecular machines are built from modular components with well-defined motile capabilities, such as axles and wheels. Hinges are particularly useful, as they provide the minimum flexibility needed for a simple and pronounced conformational change. Compounds with multiple stable conformers are common, but molecular hinges almost exclusively operate via dihedral rotations rather than truly hinge-like clamping mechanisms.

Geometry and design of a rhomboid flap.

The rhomboid flap is a versatile random-pattern transposition flap with many clinical applications and has been adapted in many variations. The rhombic area of excision is associated with an area of "waste", while adapting Quaba's "square peg into a round hole" design is associated with the "pin-cushioning" effect. Using trigonometric calculations, we outline the association between different rhombic areas of excision and "waste", and a method to design a classical Limberg rhomboid flap.

Timing of State and Territorial COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Changes in Population Movement - United States, March 1-May 31, 2020.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is thought to spread from person to person primarily by the respiratory route and mainly through close contact (1). Community mitigation strategies can lower the risk for disease transmission by limiting or preventing person-to-person interactions (2). U.

Inducing Social Self-Sorting in Organic Cages To Tune The Shape of The Internal Cavity.

Many interesting target guest molecules have low symmetry, yet most methods for synthesising hosts result in highly symmetrical capsules. Methods of generating lower symmetry pores are thus required to maximise the binding affinity in host-guest complexes. Herein, we use mixtures of tetraaldehyde building blocks with cyclohexanediamine to access low-symmetry imine cages.

Meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of drains, progressive tension sutures and subscarpal fat preservation in reducing complications of abdominoplasty.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is a popular aesthetic operation. Complication rates vary from 4-80%. To date, there is a lack of evidence for complication-reducing techniques.

A Replicable Approach to Promoting Best Practices: Translating Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Research.

Objective: Significant delays in translating health care-related research into public health programs and medical practice mean that people may not get the best care when they need it. Regarding cardiovascular disease, translation delays can mean lives may be unnecessarily lost each year. To facilitate the translation of knowledge to action, we created a Best Practices Guide for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Programs.

Translating Workforce Development Policy Interventions for Community Health Workers: Application of a Policy Research Continuum.

Context: There is a need for knowledge translation to advance health equity in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. One recommended strategy is engaging community health workers (CHWs) to have a central role in related interventions. Despite strong evidence of effectiveness for CHWs, there is limited information examining the impact of state CHW policy interventions.

Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of e-cigarette burns: a single unit experience.

Objective: It is widely accepted that the early debridement of burns improves outcome. There is increasing evidence that enzymatic debridement is an effective technique for removal of full-thickness and deep-dermal burns, reducing blood loss and often the need for autologous skin grafting by avoiding over excision of the burn. We aim to highlight the potential use of this form of debridement as an alternative to surgical management in patients with electronic cigarette (e-cigarette)-associated flame burn injuries.

Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm Following Dermofasciectomy-A Rare and Devastating Complication.

We present a case of compartment syndrome of the forearm following harvesting of a full thickness skin graft from the medial forearm for a double digit dermofasciectomy. The patient underwent forearm fasciectomy followed by multiple surgical debridements. At 18 months, despite intensive physiotherapy, the patient was left with a very significant residual functional deficit.

Characterization of an umbilical cord blood sourced product suitable for allogeneic applications.

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) sourced allografts are promising interventions for tissue regeneration. As applications of these allografts and regulations governing them continue to evolve, we were prompted to identify parameters determining their quality, safety and regenerative potential. Flow-cytometry, mass-spectrometry, protein multiplexing, nanoparticle tracking analysis and standard biological techniques were employed.

Pre-nucleation aggregation based on solvent microheterogeneity.

Investigation into pre-nucleation aggregates indicating hydrate formation of caffeine and theophylline in aqueous acetonitrile showed hydrate crystallisation at much lower water fraction than significant solute self-association. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the solvent separates on the molecular scale and that solute molecules preferentially localise on the phase interface.

Braiding, branching and chiral amplification of nanofibres in supramolecular gels.

Helical nanofibres play key roles in many biological processes. Entanglements between helices can aid gelation by producing thick, interconnected fibres, but the details of this process are poorly understood. Here, we describe the assembly of an achiral oligo(urea) peptidomimetic compound into supramolecular helices.

Economics of Community Health Workers for Chronic Disease: Findings From Community Guide Systematic Reviews.

Context: Cardiovascular disease in the U.S. accounted for healthcare cost and productivity losses of $330 billion in 2013-2014 and diabetes accounted for $327 billion in 2017.