Perspective: Nutrition Research & Programming in Multicultural Populations:The Fixed-Quality Variable-Type (FQVT) Dietary Intervention.

The sine qua non of intervention studies in general, and randomized controlled trials in particular, is to define and isolate an exposure of interest that defines the intervention and distinguishes between groups. The isolation of a presumptive cause is prerequisite to the confident attribution of given effects. In the context of dietary intervention studies, this has historically translated into a unitary intervention diet type, no matter the diversity of preferences, tastes, upbringings, ethnicities, and cultures represented in a given study cohort.

Ultraprocessed Foods and Their Association With Cardiometabolic Health: Evidence, Gaps, and Opportunities: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Ultraprocessed foods and beverages (UPFs) pose a growing public health challenge. Commonly defined by the Nova system, UPFs are industrially processed products made with additives or ingredients not commonly used in home cooking. Although ultraprocessing or extensive processing can lower cost and improve shelf life, convenience, and taste of certain products, high UPF intake is consistently linked to negative health outcomes.

A human milk oligosaccharide alters the microbiome, circulating hormones, and metabolites in a randomized controlled trial of older adults.

Aging-related immune dysfunction is linked to cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. This 6-week randomized controlled trial evaluated whether 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a human breast milk oligosaccharide with established benefits in infants and animal models, could improve gut microbiota and immune function in 89 healthy older adults (mean age 67.3 years).

Differential weight-loss responses of APOA2 genotype carriers to low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: the DIETFITS trial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether APOA2 genotypes and saturated fatty acid (SAT) intake affect weight-loss response to healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) and healthy low-fat (HLF) diets.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study, a 12-month randomized clinical trial of HLC or HLF diets in 609 adults aged 18 to 50 years with BMI values between 28 and 40 kg/m. The current study examined 3-, 6-, and 12-month weight loss in participants with different APOA2 genotypes (TT vs.

Unpacking Food Fermentation: Clinically Relevant Tools for Fermented Food Identification and Consumption.

Fermented foods have been consumed for millennia, valued for their extended shelf life, distinctive sensory properties, and potential health benefits. Emerging research suggests that fermented food consumption may contribute to gut microbiome diversity, immune modulation, and metabolic regulation; however, mechanistic insights and clinical validation remain limited. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence on the microbial and metabolite composition of fermented foods, their proposed health effects, and safety considerations for vulnerable populations.

Pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12-month behavioral obesity treatment: a signal detection analysis of DIETFITS.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12-month behavioral obesity treatment that restricted either fat or carbohydrates.

Methods: Participants were 436 adults with overweight or obesity from the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial. Signal detection analysis was used to identify which combinations of 51 pretreatment demographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, along with diet type (healthy low-fat vs.

Effects of fermented and fiber-rich foods on maternal & offspring microbiome study (FeFiFo-MOMS) - Study design and methods.

Background: Recent research underscores the crucial role of the gut microbiota in human health, particularly during states of altered homeostasis, including pregnancy. Additionally, it is not well understood how dietary changes during pregnancy affect the development of microbiomes of both mother and child.

Methods: Here, we describe the study design and methods for our randomized controlled trial, the fermented and fiber-rich foods on maternal and offspring microbiome study (FeFiFo-MOMS).

A gut pathobiont regulates circulating glycine and host metabolism in a twin study comparing vegan and omnivorous diets.

Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and obesity pose a significant global health burden. Plant-based diets, including vegan diets, are linked to favorable metabolic outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a randomized trial involving 21 pairs of identical twins, we investigated the effects of vegan and omnivorous diets on the host metabolome, immune system, and gut microbiome.

Yes I can! Exploring the impact of self-efficacy in a digital weight loss intervention.

Background: Self-efficacy is a modifiable intervention target in behavioral weight loss interventions. However, its role in the context of digital interventions is less clear.

Purpose: To determine change in self-efficacy in a digital weight loss intervention, and whether self-efficacy is associated with engagement in self-monitoring diet or weight loss.

Longitudinal changes in lifestyle behaviours and cardiovascular health during the transition to fatherhood: the Dad Bod observational cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Despite the importance of the transition to fatherhood as a critical life stage among young adult men, much remains unknown about the factors predictive of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and how CVH is impacted as young men face new roles and responsibilities associated with fatherhood.

Methods And Analysis: To address this gap, the Dad Bod Study is a prospective, longitudinal and observational study designed to examine how fatherhood affects young men's CVH. A total of 125, first-time prospective fathers (men, 19-39 years) will be enrolled and followed over 1.

A β-hydroxybutyrate shunt pathway generates anti-obesity ketone metabolites.

β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is an abundant ketone body. To date, all known pathways of BHB metabolism involve the interconversion of BHB and primary energy intermediates. Here, we identify a previously undescribed BHB secondary metabolic pathway via CNDP2-dependent enzymatic conjugation of BHB and free amino acids.

Urinary Response to Consuming Plant-Based Meat Alternatives in Persons with Normal Kidney Function: The SWAP-MEAT Pilot Trial.

Background: Consuming excess animal meat may exacerbate kidney disorders, such as urinary stone disease and CKD. Plant-based meat alternatives imitate animal meat and replace animal with vegetable protein, but it is unclear whether eating plant-meat confers similar health benefits as eating whole vegetables. We hypothesized that eating plant-meat when compared with animal meat decreases dietary acid load but increases dietary phosphorus and nitrogen.