Differences in postural strategies between children with and without ADHD in tasks of static and dynamic balance.

Background: Many children with ADHD experience challenges with balance and postural control, unlike their unaffected peers. While postural sway has been extensively studied in this patient group, less is known about the postural strategies employed to maintain equilibrium. This study extends the examination of hip and ankle postural strategies by including an upper body strategy involving movements of the head, arms, and trunk to regain balance.

The effects of a four-month skateboarding intervention on motor, cognitive, and symptom levels in children with ADHD.

Objectives And Methods: This study aimed to investigate whether a four-month skateboarding workshop can positively affect attention-focusing skills and postural control in terms of static and dynamic balance in addition to symptoms of ADHD in school-aged children ( = 58). Kinematic and kinetic movement analysis, attention-focusing tests as well as symptom questionnaires were employed to measure differences caused by the skateboarding intervention. A weekly skateboarding workshop was conducted with children diagnosed with ADHD which intended to encourage children to autonomously engage in physical activity.

Sudden gains in cognitive therapy and interpersonal therapy for social anxiety disorder.

Objective: The present study examined the effects of sudden gains on treatment outcome in a randomized controlled trial including individual cognitive therapy (CT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD).

Method: Participants were 67 individuals with SAD who received 16 treatment sessions. Symptom severity at each session was assessed using the Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale (Clark et al.

Treatment specific competence predicts outcome in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder.

Several studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between competence and outcome in CBT for depression but studies of CBT for anxiety disorders are lacking. The present study explores the relationship between competence and outcome in cognitive therapy (CT) for social anxiety disorder, using hierarchical linear modeling analyses (HLM). Data were drawn from a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem among adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have found high implicit self-esteem (ISE) to prevail concurrently with low explicit self-esteem (ESE) in socially anxious adults. This suggests that self-esteem discrepancies are associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Given that the onset of SAD often occurs in adolescence, we investigated self-esteem discrepancies between ISE and ESE in adolescents suffering from SAD.

Assessment of adherence and competence in cognitive therapy: comparing session segments with entire sessions.

The aim of the study was to compare the reliability and validity of adherence and competence judgments of four raters, based on session segments on the one hand and on entire sessions on the other. The global adherence/competence judgments based on the middle section of 34 therapy sessions demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability (ICC=.81/.

Anthropometrical data and coefficients of regression related to gender and race.

As a result of migration and globalization, the requirement for anthropometrical data of distinct races and gender has augmented whilst the availability remained minimal. Therefore, several sets of estimation equations, which depend on gender, race, body height (BH), and body mass (BM), were established in this study to fulfill this necessity. The method consisted of: (a) an inexpensive device to scan the body surface, (b) the electronic reconstruction of the body surface and (c) a module to calculate segmental lengths, segmental masses, radii of gyration and moments of inertia, using the 16-segment model (Zatsiorsky, 1983) and density data of Dempster (Space requirements of the seated operator, WADC Technical Report, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 1995, pp.