High-risk Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, and comorbid OSA (COMISA) increase likelihood of poor functional status in neurological and psychiatric populations.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), chronic insomnia, and comorbid OSA and insomnia (COMISA) are treatable comorbidities, yet their prevalence and impact in neurological and psychiatric populations are poorly elucidated. We examined the prevalence of OSA, insomnia, and COMISA in a large cohort from the Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute.

Methods: Data were collected from five specialized centers at Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute.

Do Statins Affect Viral Infections Encountered by International Travelers?

Statins are among the most frequently prescribed medications. In addition to their well-established effectiveness in lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, statins have been described to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and have been associated with improved endothelial functions. Given the common use of statins, we sought to evaluate the effect of statins on some viral infections encountered by residents in tropical areas or by international travelers.

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) using rSUDEP-7.

Background And Objective: Evaluate relationships between PSG-confirmed OSA and SUDEP risk using the revised SUDEP Risk Inventory (rSUDEP-7).

Methods: Identified adults with epilepsy (AWE) who underwent PSG 2004-2016 at Cleveland Clinic. OSA was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)- ≥-5/h sleep; moderate/severe OSA as AHI≥15.

Sex Modifies the Effect of COVID-19 on Arterial Elasticity.

There is limited long-term evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on vascular injury between male and female sex. An adult cohort of COVID-19 survivors (COVID+) and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 antibody-negative participants (COVID-) were prospectively enrolled. COVID+ participants who have documented the presence of persistent symptoms four weeks following infection were considered to have post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Infection on Body Composition.

Background: The effect of COVID-19 infection versus the indirect effect of the pandemic on body composition remains unclear. This study investigates the long-term changes in body composition in COVID-19 survivors compared to a contemporary control group.

Method: This is a prospective study involving adults who underwent a pre-pandemic whole-body DXA scan (DXA#1) between 2017 and 2019.

Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC.

Methods: Data was collected from a prospectively enrolled cohort (n=379) of COVID-negative and COVID-positive participants with and without PASC.

Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality (1990-2019) in the United States: A Comprehensive Analysis of Gender and State-Level Disparities.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. This study aims to analyze lung cancer incidence, mortality, and related statistics from 1990 to 2019, focusing on national- and state-level trends and exploring potential disparities between sexes.

Methods: The Global Burden of Disease database was used to extract tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality data from 1990 to 2019 for both males and females and across all states of the United States.

Zinc Deficiency And sTNF-RII Are Associated With Worse COVID-19 Outcomes.

Background: Zinc (Zn) is known for its substantial involvement in the immune response as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Zn plasma levels' clinical significance in coronavirus disease (COVID) diagnosis is not yet fully established.

Objective: We assessed the association between Zn deficiency, gut integrity, inflammation, and COVID-19 outcomes.

Burden of AML, 1990-2019: Estimates From the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Purpose: AML accounts for 80% of acute leukemia in adults. While progress has been made in treating younger patients in the past 2 decades, there has been limited improvement for older patients until recently. This study examines the global and European Union (EU) 15+ trends in AML between 1990 and 2019.

New drug approvals in prostate cancer and their effect on the treatment landscape.

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the United States. Over the past decade, the treatment landscape for advanced prostate cancer has rapidly shifted. For decades, androgen deprivation therapy has been the cornerstone of systemic treatment for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Importance: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals.

Objective: To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections.

Increase in gut permeability and oxidized ldl is associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is marked by persistent or newly developing symptoms beyond 4 weeks of infection. Investigating gut integrity, oxidized lipids and inflammatory markers is important for understanding PASC pathogenesis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including COVID+ with PASC, COVID+ without PASC, and COVID-negative (COVID-) participants.

Trends of kidney cancer burden from 1990 to 2019 in European Union 15 + countries and World Health Organization regions.

In recent decades, variability in the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer (KC) has been reported. This study aimed to compare trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of KC between the European Union (EU) 15 + countries and 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The data of KC Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and age-standardized DALYs were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database.

HIV and race are independently associated with endothelial dysfunction.

Objective: Evaluating the vascular function in HIV-infected compared with HIV uninfected with assessment of body composition, inflammation, and gut integrity markers.

Design: A noninvasive test that measures the endothelial function.

Methods: We included participants at least 18 years old, with peripheral arterial tonometry testing (EndoPAT2000) between 2014 and 2022.

Trends in prostate cancer mortality in the United States of America, by state and race, from 1999 to 2019: estimates from the centers for disease control WONDER database.

Background: In the United States of America (USA), prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and the second cause of cancer mortality. Black men (BM) have a higher incidence and worse mortality when compared to white men (WM). We compared trends in PC mortality in the USA by race and state from 1999 to 2019.

Comprehensive assessment of neurocognitive function, inflammation markers, and adiposity in treated HIV and control.

To compare the neurocognitive scores between persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and persons without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assess the relationship between neurocognition, HIV status and variables, inflammation, and body composition measures. Cross-sectional study involving 225 participants (126 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy [ART] and 99 persons without HIV). For the first time in HIV, we used Cognivue®, an food and drug administration (FDA)-approved computer-based test to assess cognitive function.

West Nile virus: another emerging arboviral risk for travelers?

Purpose Of Review: West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitos of the genus . Manifestations of WNV infection range from asymptomatic to devastating neuroinvasive disease leading to flaccid paralysis and death. This review examines WNV epidemiology and ecology, with an emphasis on travel-associated infection.

The Protective Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination on Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19: A Multicenter Study From a Large National Health Research Network.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been proven to decrease the severity of acute-phase infection; however, little is known about their effect on postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

Methods: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and minimum age of 18 years with 3-month follow-up postdiagnosis between 21 September 2020 and 14 December 2021 were identified from the TriNetX Research Network platform. The primary outcomes consisted of new-onset or persistent symptoms, new-onset diagnoses, and death and were compared between vaccine and no-vaccine groups.

Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis.

The burden of AIDS-defining cancers has remained relatively steady for the past two decades, whilst the burden of non-AIDS-defining cancer has increased. Here, we conduct a study to describe mortality trends attributed to HIV-associated cancers in 31 countries. We extracted HIV-related cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2018 from the World Health Organization Mortality Database.